Version 1
: Received: 22 August 2023 / Approved: 23 August 2023 / Online: 24 August 2023 (03:46:42 CEST)
How to cite:
Orquiza, J. Challenge to the Supremacy of the Nervous System: An Invitation to a New Integrative Perspective. Preprints2023, 2023081659. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1659.v1
Orquiza, J. Challenge to the Supremacy of the Nervous System: An Invitation to a New Integrative Perspective. Preprints 2023, 2023081659. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1659.v1
Orquiza, J. Challenge to the Supremacy of the Nervous System: An Invitation to a New Integrative Perspective. Preprints2023, 2023081659. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1659.v1
APA Style
Orquiza, J. (2023). Challenge to the Supremacy of the Nervous System: An Invitation to a New Integrative Perspective. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1659.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Orquiza, J. 2023 "Challenge to the Supremacy of the Nervous System: An Invitation to a New Integrative Perspective" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1659.v1
Abstract
This paper proposes a reconceptualization of the hierarchical understanding of the human organism, challenging the conventional idea of the supremacy of the nervous system. We argue that symbiotic coexistence and functional interdependence among all systems provide the human body with remarkable resistance to the universal tendency of entropy. We first examine the basis of cellular life, referring to ATP and DNA, essential substances that resist the entropic tendency through complex energy mechanisms. Next, we analyze the collaboration between the body's systems, highlighting the critical role of erythrocytes, which constitute 83.9% of the total cells (24.9 trillion), in the context of energy maintenance and homeostasis. We challenge the conventional view that the nervous system, composed of neurons and glial cells, which together make up 0.6% of the total cells (0.17 trillion), occupies the apex of a biological hierarchy, arguing that the nervous system is merely a component of a broader, interdependent mechanism. Finally, we provide a detailed description of human cellular composition, emphasizing the importance of each cell type in the functional context, thus contributing to the totality of the organism. With this, we present a vigorous appeal for the realization of critical reassessments of fundamental premises in human biology.
Keywords
human organism; entropy; ATP; DNA; nervous system; body systems; biological hierarchy; cellular composition
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Neuroscience and Neurology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
