Version 1
: Received: 15 August 2023 / Approved: 16 August 2023 / Online: 17 August 2023 (08:49:01 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 8 January 2024 / Approved: 9 January 2024 / Online: 9 January 2024 (15:45:05 CET)
How to cite:
Kostakopoulos, N.; Bellos, T.; Katsimperis, S.; Malovrouvas, E.; Papatsoris, A. Prostate- Specific Antigen (PSA) Significance in Frail Men. Preprints2023, 2023081224. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1224.v1
Kostakopoulos, N.; Bellos, T.; Katsimperis, S.; Malovrouvas, E.; Papatsoris, A. Prostate- Specific Antigen (PSA) Significance in Frail Men. Preprints 2023, 2023081224. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1224.v1
Kostakopoulos, N.; Bellos, T.; Katsimperis, S.; Malovrouvas, E.; Papatsoris, A. Prostate- Specific Antigen (PSA) Significance in Frail Men. Preprints2023, 2023081224. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1224.v1
APA Style
Kostakopoulos, N., Bellos, T., Katsimperis, S., Malovrouvas, E., & Papatsoris, A. (2023). Prostate- Specific Antigen (PSA) Significance in Frail Men. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1224.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Kostakopoulos, N., Evangelos Malovrouvas and Athanasios Papatsoris. 2023 "Prostate- Specific Antigen (PSA) Significance in Frail Men" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1224.v1
Abstract
Objectives With this study we present, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the implications of PSA tests on the lives of frail men. Methods We searched the available literature for studies analyzing the role of PSA as a screening and prognostic tool for prostatic diseases in frail men, using keywords: Prostate-specific antigen, Frailty, Prostate cancer screening, Hypogonadism and Benign Prostatic Obstruction (BPO). Results PSA in frail men with more than 15 years life expectancy can detect prostate cancer in curable stages, while it enables monitoring response to different prostate cancer treatments and follow-up of testosterone replacement for hypogonadism. PSA also predicts clinical progression of patients with BPO. However, PSA is widely being offered, without personalized patient evaluation, adding to the financial burden of healthcare systems. Conclusion A frailty assessment of men for the potential benefit of PSA tests on their quality of life can reduce unnecessary costs.
Keywords
Prostate Specific Antigen; Frailty; Prostate cancer screening; Hypogonadism; Benign Prostatic Obstruction
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Urology and Nephrology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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