Version 1
: Received: 15 August 2023 / Approved: 16 August 2023 / Online: 17 August 2023 (08:49:01 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 8 January 2024 / Approved: 9 January 2024 / Online: 9 January 2024 (15:45:05 CET)
How to cite:
Kostakopoulos, N.A.; Bellos, T.; Katsimperis, S.; Malovrouvas, E.; Papatsoris, A. Prostate- Specific Antigen (PSA) Significance in Frail and Sarcopenic Men. Preprints2023, 2023081224. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1224.v2
Kostakopoulos, N.A.; Bellos, T.; Katsimperis, S.; Malovrouvas, E.; Papatsoris, A. Prostate- Specific Antigen (PSA) Significance in Frail and Sarcopenic Men. Preprints 2023, 2023081224. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1224.v2
Kostakopoulos, N.A.; Bellos, T.; Katsimperis, S.; Malovrouvas, E.; Papatsoris, A. Prostate- Specific Antigen (PSA) Significance in Frail and Sarcopenic Men. Preprints2023, 2023081224. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1224.v2
APA Style
Kostakopoulos, N.A., Bellos, T., Katsimperis, S., Malovrouvas, E., & Papatsoris, A. (2024). Prostate- Specific Antigen (PSA) Significance in Frail and Sarcopenic Men. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1224.v2
Chicago/Turabian Style
Kostakopoulos, N.A., Evangelos Malovrouvas and Athanasios Papatsoris. 2024 "Prostate- Specific Antigen (PSA) Significance in Frail and Sarcopenic Men" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1224.v2
Abstract
According to the guidelines of the European Association of Urology (EAU), it is recommended to exclude PSA testing when the expected remaining lifespan is less than 10 years. In this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing on the quality of life of elderly men who are frail. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify publications that examine the use of PSA as a screening and prognostic tool for prostatic illnesses in frail men. Our search included the following keywords: Prostate-specific antigen, Frailty, Prostate cancer screening, Hypogonadism, and Benign Prostatic Obstruction (BPO). Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing can be used to identify prostate cancer in its early and treatable stages in fragile men with a life expectancy of over 15 years. Additionally, PSA testing allows for the evaluation of the effectiveness of various prostate cancer treatments and the monitoring of testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadism. PSA is also indicative of the clinical development of patients with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). Nevertheless, PSA is being extensively provided without individualised patient assessment, contributing to the economic strain on healthcare systems. Conducting a frailty evaluation on men to determine the potential advantages of PSA tests on their quality of life will help minimise avoidable expenses.
Keywords
prostate specific antigen; frailty; prostate cancer screening; hypogonadism; Benign prostatic obstruction
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Urology and Nephrology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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