Baloyi, J.; Ramdhani, N.; Mbhele, R.; Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha, D. Recent Progress on Acid Mine Drainage Technological Trends in South Africa: Prevention, Treatment, and Resource Recovery. Water2023, 15, 3453.
Baloyi, J.; Ramdhani, N.; Mbhele, R.; Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha, D. Recent Progress on Acid Mine Drainage Technological Trends in South Africa: Prevention, Treatment, and Resource Recovery. Water 2023, 15, 3453.
Baloyi, J.; Ramdhani, N.; Mbhele, R.; Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha, D. Recent Progress on Acid Mine Drainage Technological Trends in South Africa: Prevention, Treatment, and Resource Recovery. Water2023, 15, 3453.
Baloyi, J.; Ramdhani, N.; Mbhele, R.; Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha, D. Recent Progress on Acid Mine Drainage Technological Trends in South Africa: Prevention, Treatment, and Resource Recovery. Water 2023, 15, 3453.
Abstract
This study describes the AMD impacted environments and critically discusses the effects of AMD, current prediction and prevention methods and treatment technologies. The study further, crit-ically analyses the case studies, gaps in AMD research and the challenges and opportunities of-fered by AMD. The study outlined future technological intervention aiming at a paradigm shift towards reducing the volume of sludge generated as well as the operating cost and improving AMD treatment efficiency. The integrated AMD treatment technologies that result in a holistic approach toward sustainable AMD treatment are a current need. As a result, a sustainable AMD treatment strategy has been made possible due to water reuse and rich resource recoveries such sulphuric acid, rare earth elements, and metals. The cost of AMD treatment can be decreased with the use of recovered water and resources, which is essential for developing a sustainable AMD treatment process.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
