Tankiewicz, M. Assessment of Apple Peel Barrier Effect to Pesticide Permeation Using Franz Diffusion Cell and QuEChERS Method Coupled with GC-MS/MS. Foods2023, 12, 3220.
Tankiewicz, M. Assessment of Apple Peel Barrier Effect to Pesticide Permeation Using Franz Diffusion Cell and QuEChERS Method Coupled with GC-MS/MS. Foods 2023, 12, 3220.
Tankiewicz, M. Assessment of Apple Peel Barrier Effect to Pesticide Permeation Using Franz Diffusion Cell and QuEChERS Method Coupled with GC-MS/MS. Foods2023, 12, 3220.
Tankiewicz, M. Assessment of Apple Peel Barrier Effect to Pesticide Permeation Using Franz Diffusion Cell and QuEChERS Method Coupled with GC-MS/MS. Foods 2023, 12, 3220.
Abstract
In this study, a new approach to pesticide permeation through the apple peel into the pulp is discussed. The tested compounds can be classified, based on mode of action, as systemic (boscalid, cyprodinil, pirimicarb, propiconazole and tebuconazole) or contact (captan, cypermethrin and fludioxonil) pesticides. The barrier effect was assessed using a Franz flow-type vertical diffusion cell system. Residue analysis was performed using a modified quick, easy, cheap, efficient, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method coupled to gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The limits of detection (LODs) ranged between 2.6 µg kg-1 (pirimicarb) and 17 µg kg-1 (captan), with the coefficient of variability (CV) lower than 6%, while recoveries ranged from 85% (boscalid) to 112% (captan) at 0.1 and 1 mg kg-1 spiked levels. The highest peel penetration was observed for pirimicarb, captan and cyprodinil, with cumulative permeation of 90, 19 and 17 µg cm-2, respectively. The total absorption was in the range from 0.32% (tebuconazole) to 32% (pirimicarb). Only cypermethrin was not quantitatively detected in the pulp and its use can be recommended in crop protection techniques. The obtained results indicate that molecular weight, octanol-water partition coefficient and water solubility are important parameters determining the process of pesticide absorption.
Keywords
pesticides; permeation; apple peel; Franz diffusion cell; QuEChERS; GC-MS/MS
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Food Chemistry
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
