Article
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Recommended Separation Distances for 1.3 Ammunition and Explosives
Version 1
: Received: 25 July 2023 / Approved: 26 July 2023 / Online: 26 July 2023 (03:27:27 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 29 July 2023 / Approved: 31 July 2023 / Online: 2 August 2023 (02:14:57 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 29 July 2023 / Approved: 31 July 2023 / Online: 2 August 2023 (02:14:57 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Guymon, C.; Liu, M.; Covino, J. Recommended Separation Distances for 1.3 Ammunition and Explosives. Fire 2023, 6, 331. Guymon, C.; Liu, M.; Covino, J. Recommended Separation Distances for 1.3 Ammunition and Explosives. Fire 2023, 6, 331.
Abstract
Separation Distances are used throughout the world to protect people and assets from the potential hazardous effects from propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. The current separation distances for Hazard Division (HD) 1.3 substances and articles used in the United States, in some cases, may not adequately protect against the effects from heat flux and debris when those substances and articles are ignited in a confined structure. Multiple tests in such a confined scenario with HD 1.3 substances have shown that the heat flux and debris hazards could result in injury at distances beyond the current specified explosives safety separation distance (ESSD). Herein are recommended ESSD’s for confined as well as unconfined HD 1.3 articles and substances based on the analysis of hundreds of tests. Recommended ESSD’s include a smaller value for unconfined quantities less than 100 kilograms and ESSD’s that are consistent with NATO distances for confined substances and articles.
Keywords
propellant; HD1.3; safe separation; quantity distance
Subject
Engineering, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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