preprints.org > physical sciences > astronomy and astrophysics > doi: 10.20944/preprints202307.1423.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Version 1 : Received: 20 July 2023 / Approved: 20 July 2023 / Online: 21 July 2023 (02:28:09 CEST)

Galaxies are rather big physical systems having a typical size of tens of kilo parsecs. Thus any change at the center of the galaxy will affect the outskirts only tens of thousand of years afterwards. Retardation seems to be neglected in current calculations of rotational velocities in the far edges of the galaxy and its surrounding gas. The differences between the velocities predicted by Newtonian theory and observational derivations are accommodated by either assuming "dark matter" or by introducing modifications to the laws of gravity in which MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is one of the typical examples, celebrating now forty years since its inception. We show that there are overlapping conditions for retardation corrections in the weak approximation to general relativity and the low acceleration conditions for MOND corrections. We will also show that MOND interpolation formula is useful for calculating retardation effects provided an appropriate interpolation function is chosen.

General Relativity; MOND; Retardation; Weak Field Approximation

Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics

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