Preprint Article Version 2 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Quarantine Disinfestation of Papaya Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Using Gamma and X-rays Irradiation

Zi-Jiao Song
ORCID logo ,
Qing-Ying Zhao
ORCID logo ,
Chen Ma
,
Ran-Ran Chen
,
Tian-Bi Ma
,
Zhi-Hong Li
* ,
Guo-Ping Zhan
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 6 July 2023 / Approved: 6 July 2023 / Online: 6 July 2023 (12:32:25 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 20 July 2023 / Approved: 20 July 2023 / Online: 21 July 2023 (10:21:54 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Song, Z.-J.; Zhao, Q.-Y.; Ma, C.; Chen, R.-R.; Ma, T.-B.; Li, Z.-H.; Zhan, G.-P. Quarantine Disinfestation of Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Using Gamma and X-rays Irradiation. Insects 2023, 14, 682. Song, Z.-J.; Zhao, Q.-Y.; Ma, C.; Chen, R.-R.; Ma, T.-B.; Li, Z.-H.; Zhan, G.-P. Quarantine Disinfestation of Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Using Gamma and X-rays Irradiation. Insects 2023, 14, 682.

Abstract

The papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus is an invasive, polyphagous pest and poses a quarantine threat to tropical and subtropical countries. Infested commodity internationally should be undergoing phytosanitary treatment, while irradiation is recommended to replace methyl bromide fumigation. Dose-response tests were conducted on the 2-, 4-, and 6-d-old eggs and gravid females of P. marginatus using the X-ray radiation doses of 15–105 Gy with an interval of 15 Gy, respectively. Radiotolerance was compared using fiducial overlapping and lethal dose ratio (LDR) test, resulting in insignificant difference except for LDR test at LD90 (leading 90% mortality at 95% confidence level (CL)); the estimated dose for 99.9968% mortality at 95% CL was 176.5–185.2 Gy, which was validated in the confirmatory tests using gamma irradiation because gammy and X-rays have equal biological effect on pests. Therefore, a total of estimating 60,386 gravid females of papaya mealybug irradiated with 146.8–185.0 Gy resulted in no F1 nymphs developing. Eggs can therefore be used as an alternative to gravid females for dose-response tests; the recommended minimum dose for phytosanitary treatment of P. marginatus on infested commodity is 185 Gy, with treatment efficacy ≥ 99.9950% at 95% CL.

Keywords

Phytosanitary irradiation; Paracoccus marginatus; dose-response test; large-scale confirmatory test.

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Insect Science

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Comments (1)

Comment 1
Received: 21 July 2023
Commenter: Guo-Ping Zhan
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
Comment: 1. corrected the reference and added all Doi information;
2. check the gramma and words in the manuscript;
3. corrected tens of mistakes.
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