Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Effect of Andrographis paniculata and Its Derivatives in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuroinflammation

Francesca Bosco
* ,
Stefano Ruga
,
Rita Citraro
ORCID logo ,
Antonio Leo
ORCID logo ,
Lorenza Guarnieri
* ,
Jessica Maiuolo
,
Francesca Oppedisano
,
Roberta Macrì
ORCID logo ,
Federica Scarano
,
Saverio Nucera
,
Irene Bava
,
Ernesto Palma
ORCID logo ,
Carolina Muscoli
ORCID logo ,
Juan Hancke
,
Giovambattista De Sarro
ORCID logo ,
Vincenzo Mollace
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 28 June 2023 / Approved: 29 June 2023 / Online: 30 June 2023 (07:38:39 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Bosco, F.; Ruga, S.; Citraro, R.; Leo, A.; Guarnieri, L.; Maiuolo, J.; Oppedisano, F.; Macrì, R.; Scarano, F.; Nucera, S.; Bava, I.; Palma, E.; Muscoli, C.; Hancke, J.; De Sarro, G.; Mollace, V. The Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Wall. Ex Nees and Andrographolide on Neuroinflammation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3428. Bosco, F.; Ruga, S.; Citraro, R.; Leo, A.; Guarnieri, L.; Maiuolo, J.; Oppedisano, F.; Macrì, R.; Scarano, F.; Nucera, S.; Bava, I.; Palma, E.; Muscoli, C.; Hancke, J.; De Sarro, G.; Mollace, V. The Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Wall. Ex Nees and Andrographolide on Neuroinflammation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3428.

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions of people worldwide, and to date Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are the most common NDs. The risk of developing NDs increases dra-matically with age, and genetic and environmental factors can be crucial in their progression. The main feature of NDs is the abnormal presence of specific proteins that can lead to neuronal death, proteotoxic stress, and alteration of catabolic systems, which are major players in the processes of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Despite research efforts to date, the therapies cur-rently in use for the treatment of NDs provide marginal therapeutic benefit, so the focus is now being direct toward the search of natural products that could be a valuable aid in combating these diseases, including the natural compound Andrographis paniculata (Ap) and especially its main constituent Andrographolide (Andro). Preclinical studies have shown that the aqueous extract of Ap is capable to modulate neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative responses, determining a reduction in inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in various NDs. Therefore, in this review we will focus on the molecular mechanisms through which Ap and Andro are able to modulate the processes of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation that are major causes of neuronal death and cognitive decline.

Keywords

Andrographis paniculata; Andrographolide; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Alzheimer; Parkinson; Brain Ischemia; Neuroinflammation

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Neuroscience and Neurology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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