Hoshino, T.; Yajima, Y.; Degawa, Y.; Kume, A.; Tkachenko, O.B.; Matsumoto, N. Life Cycle Plasticity in Typhula and Pistillaria in the Arctic and the Temperate Zone. Microorganisms2023, 11, 2028.
Hoshino, T.; Yajima, Y.; Degawa, Y.; Kume, A.; Tkachenko, O.B.; Matsumoto, N. Life Cycle Plasticity in Typhula and Pistillaria in the Arctic and the Temperate Zone. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2028.
Hoshino, T.; Yajima, Y.; Degawa, Y.; Kume, A.; Tkachenko, O.B.; Matsumoto, N. Life Cycle Plasticity in Typhula and Pistillaria in the Arctic and the Temperate Zone. Microorganisms2023, 11, 2028.
Hoshino, T.; Yajima, Y.; Degawa, Y.; Kume, A.; Tkachenko, O.B.; Matsumoto, N. Life Cycle Plasticity in Typhula and Pistillaria in the Arctic and the Temperate Zone. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2028.
Abstract
Typhulaceae Jülich is one of the cold-adapted fungal families in basidiomycetes. Typhula (Pers.) Fr. and Pistillaria Fr. representing the family are distinguished from the morphology of a stipe to a hymenium (Fries 1821). The hymenium of Typhula is distinguishable from the stipe, but indistinguishable and consecutive in the genus Pistillaria. This taxonomic criterion is ambiguous, and consequently the opinion of Karsten (1882) has been widely accepted; I the genus Typhula, basidiomata develop from sclerotia, while basidiomata develop directly from substrata in the genus Pistillaris. But, Corner (1970) observed basidiomata of Pistillaria petasitis S. Imai in Hokkaido, Japan, from sclerotia. We collected irregular sclerotia of Typhula hyperborea H. Ekstr. from Upernavik, West Greenland. This specimen had a stipe-like structure on a Poaceae plant, and sclerotia developed on its tip. In August, P. petasitis in Hokkaido, Japan, formed basidiomata directly from substrates on the ground. Similar phenomena were found from other Typhula spp. in Japan. All of these fungi had the potential to produce sclerotia in culture, and as well as the capacity of mycelial growth at ambient air temperatures in each locality when samples were collected. These findings suggest that Typhula spp. developed basidiomata not only from the sclerotia dispersed by the basidiospores but also mycelia generated by the spore germination formed basidiomata multiple times depending on their growth environments.
Keywords
cryophilic; ecophysiology; growth temperature, life history; local climate
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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