Funkhouser, A.; Shuster, H.; Martin, J.C.; Edenfield, W.J.; Blenda, A.V. Pattern Analysis of Serum Galectins-1, -3, and -9 in Breast Cancer. Cancers2023, 15, 3809.
Funkhouser, A.; Shuster, H.; Martin, J.C.; Edenfield, W.J.; Blenda, A.V. Pattern Analysis of Serum Galectins-1, -3, and -9 in Breast Cancer. Cancers 2023, 15, 3809.
Funkhouser, A.; Shuster, H.; Martin, J.C.; Edenfield, W.J.; Blenda, A.V. Pattern Analysis of Serum Galectins-1, -3, and -9 in Breast Cancer. Cancers2023, 15, 3809.
Funkhouser, A.; Shuster, H.; Martin, J.C.; Edenfield, W.J.; Blenda, A.V. Pattern Analysis of Serum Galectins-1, -3, and -9 in Breast Cancer. Cancers 2023, 15, 3809.
Abstract
Galectins have been shown to have roles in cancer progression via contributions to angiogenesis, metastasis, cell division, and evasion of immune destruction. This study analyses galectin-1, -3, and -9 serum concentrations in breast cancer patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against the characteristics of the patient and tumor such as stage, molecular subtype, and receptor expression. Galectin-9 was found to be statistically significantly increased in HER2 enriched tumors as well as being reduced in patients with hormone receptor positive tumors and increased in patients with HER2 amplified tissues. Galectin-1 was found to be statistically significantly increased in the serum of patients who had undergone hormonal, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy. These findings provide insight as to the changes in galectin levels during cancer progress, response to treatment and molecular phenotype. These findings are valuable in the further understanding of the relationships of galectin and tumor biology and can inform future research on therapeutic targets for galectin inhibitors and the utility of galectin biomarkers.
Keywords
galectin; breast neoplasm; molecular subtype; oncotype; galectin-1; galectin-3; galectin-9
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
