Version 1
: Received: 2 June 2023 / Approved: 5 June 2023 / Online: 5 June 2023 (03:17:13 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 16 November 2023 / Approved: 16 November 2023 / Online: 21 November 2023 (13:16:44 CET)
How to cite:
Rufino Júnior, C. A.; Sanseverino, E. R.; Gallo, P.; Amaral, M. M.; Koch, D.; Kotak, Y.; Schweiger, H.-G.; Zanin, H. A Comprehensive Review of EV Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation. Preprints2023, 2023060228. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0228.v1
Rufino Júnior, C. A.; Sanseverino, E. R.; Gallo, P.; Amaral, M. M.; Koch, D.; Kotak, Y.; Schweiger, H.-G.; Zanin, H. A Comprehensive Review of EV Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation. Preprints 2023, 2023060228. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0228.v1
Rufino Júnior, C. A.; Sanseverino, E. R.; Gallo, P.; Amaral, M. M.; Koch, D.; Kotak, Y.; Schweiger, H.-G.; Zanin, H. A Comprehensive Review of EV Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation. Preprints2023, 2023060228. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0228.v1
APA Style
Rufino Júnior, C. A., Sanseverino, E. R., Gallo, P., Amaral, M. M., Koch, D., Kotak, Y., Schweiger, H. G., & Zanin, H. (2023). A Comprehensive Review of EV Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0228.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Rufino Júnior, C. A., Hans-Georg Schweiger and Hudson Zanin. 2023 "A Comprehensive Review of EV Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0228.v1
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries with improved energy densities have made understanding the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) generation mechanisms that cause mechanical, thermal, and chemical failures more complicated. SEI processes reduce battery capacity and power. Thus, a review of this area's understanding is important. It is essential to know how batteries degrade in EVs to estimate battery lifespan as it goes, predict, and minimize losses, and determine the ideal time for a replacement. Lithium-ion batteries used in EVs mainly suffer two types of degradation: calendar degradation and cycling degradation. Despite the existence of several existing works in the literature, several aspects of battery degradation remain unclear or have not been analyzed in detail. This work presents a systematic review of existing works in the literature. The results of the present investigation provide insight into the complex relationships among various factors affecting battery degradation mechanisms. Specifically, this systematic review examined the effects of time, side reactions, temperature fluctuations, high charge/discharge rates, depth of discharge, mechanical stress, thermal stress, and the voltage relationship on battery performance and longevity. The results revealed that these factors interact in complex ways to influence the degradation mechanisms of batteries. For example, high charge currents and deep discharges were found to accelerate degradation, while low temperatures and moderate discharge depths were shown to be beneficial for battery longevity. Additionally, the results showed that the relationship between cell voltage and State-of-Charge (SOC) plays a critical role in determining the rate of degradation. Overall, these findings have important implications for the design and operation of battery systems, as they highlight the need to carefully manage a range of factors to maximize battery performance and longevity. The result is an analysis of the main articles published in this field in recent years. This work aims to present new knowledge about fault detection, diagnosis, and management of lithium-ion batteries based on battery degradation concepts. The new knowledge is presented and discussed in a structured and comprehensive way.
Keywords
Prognostics; Ageing; Lithium-Ion Batteries; EV Batteries; Degradation; Electric vehicles
Subject
Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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