Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Electrochemical Wearable Biosensors and Bioelectronic Devices Based on Hydrogels: Mechanical Properties and Electrochemical Behavior

Mohsen Saeidi
* ,
Hossein Chenani
ORCID logo ,
Mina Orouji
,
MahsaSadat Adel Rastkhiz
,
Nafiseh Bolghanabadi
,
Shaghayegh Vakili
,
Zahra Mohamadnia
,
Amir Hatamie
* ,
Abdolreza (Arash) Simchi
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 1 June 2023 / Approved: 2 June 2023 / Online: 2 June 2023 (10:45:37 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Saeidi, M.; Chenani, H.; Orouji, M.; Adel Rastkhiz, M.; Bolghanabadi, N.; Vakili, S.; Mohamadnia, Z.; Hatamie, A.; Simchi, A.A. Electrochemical Wearable Biosensors and Bioelectronic Devices Based on Hydrogels: Mechanical Properties and Electrochemical Behavior. Biosensors 2023, 13, 823. Saeidi, M.; Chenani, H.; Orouji, M.; Adel Rastkhiz, M.; Bolghanabadi, N.; Vakili, S.; Mohamadnia, Z.; Hatamie, A.; Simchi, A.A. Electrochemical Wearable Biosensors and Bioelectronic Devices Based on Hydrogels: Mechanical Properties and Electrochemical Behavior. Biosensors 2023, 13, 823.

Abstract

Hydrogel-based wearable electrochemical biosensors (HWEBs) are emerging biomedical devices that have recently received immense interest. The exceptional properties of HWEBs include excellent biocompatibility with hydrophilic nature, high porosity, tailorable permeability, the capability of reliable and accurate detection of disease biomarkers, suitable device-human interface, facile adjustability, and stimuli-responsive to the nanofiller materials. Although the biomimetic three-dimensional hydrogels can immobilize bioreceptors, such as enzymes and aptamers, without any loss in their activities. However, most HWEBs suffer from low mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Many studies have been performed on emerging electroactive nanofillers, including biomacromolecules, carbon-based materials, and inorganic and organic nanomaterials, to tackle these issues. Non-conductive hydrogels and even conductive hydrogels may be modified by nanofillers as well as redox species. All these modifications have led to the design and development of efficient nanocomposites as electrochemical biosensors. In this review, both conductive-based and non-conductive-based hydrogels derived from natural and synthetic polymers are systematically reviewed. The main synthesis methods and characterization techniques are addressed. The mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior of HWEBs are discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects and potential applications of HWEBs in biosensing, healthcare monitoring, and clinical diagnostics are highlighted.

Keywords

Flexible biosensors; Electroactive hydrogel; Biocompatible polymer; Electrochemistry; Mechanical behavior

Subject

Chemistry and Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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