Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Leishmaniasis: Immune Cells Crosstalk in Macrophage Polarization

Fernanda Silva Almeida
,
Shayenne Eduarda Ramos Vanderley
,
Fernando Cézar Comberlang
,
Arthur Gomes de Andrade
ORCID logo ,
Luiz Henrique Agra Cavalcante-Silva
ORCID logo ,
Edson dos Santos Silva
,
Pedro Henrique de Sousa Palmeira
ORCID logo ,
Ian P.G. do Amaral
,
Tatjana S. L. Keesen
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 24 April 2023 / Approved: 25 April 2023 / Online: 25 April 2023 (08:36:54 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Almeida, F.S.; Vanderley, S.E.R.; Comberlang, F.C.; Andrade, A.G.; Cavalcante-Silva, L.H.A.; Silva, E.S.; Palmeira, P.H.S.; Amaral, I.P.G.; Keesen, T.S.L. Leishmaniasis: Immune Cells Crosstalk in Macrophage Polarization. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8, 276. Almeida, F.S.; Vanderley, S.E.R.; Comberlang, F.C.; Andrade, A.G.; Cavalcante-Silva, L.H.A.; Silva, E.S.; Palmeira, P.H.S.; Amaral, I.P.G.; Keesen, T.S.L. Leishmaniasis: Immune Cells Crosstalk in Macrophage Polarization. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8, 276.

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a complex infectious parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, belonging to a group of neglected tropical diseases. It poses significant global health challenges, particularly in socio-economically disadvantaged regions. Macrophages, as innate immune cells, play a crucial role in initiating the inflammatory response against the pathogens responsible for this disease. Macrophage polarization, the process of differentiating macrophages into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, is essential for the immune response in leishmaniasis. The M1 phenotype is associated with resistance to Leishmania infection, while the M2 phenotype is predominant in susceptible environments. Notably, various immune cells, including T cells, play a significant role in modulating macrophage polarization by releasing cytokines that influence macrophage maturation and function. Furthermore, other immune cells can also impact macrophage polarization in a T-cell-dependent manner. Therefore, this review comprehensively examines macrophage polarization's role in leishmaniasis and other immune cells' potential involvement in this intricate process.

Keywords

leishmaniasis; immune response; macrophage phenotype

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Parasitology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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