PreprintArticleVersion 1Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Evaluation and Comparison of the Dissociated Phoria State at Rear and Distance Fixation of Children, Using Three Different Techniques and the Prediction of Their Binocular State
Version 1
: Received: 19 April 2023 / Approved: 21 April 2023 / Online: 21 April 2023 (11:09:41 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 12 June 2023 / Approved: 15 June 2023 / Online: 15 June 2023 (07:16:40 CEST)
Version 3
: Received: 21 June 2023 / Approved: 22 June 2023 / Online: 22 June 2023 (10:43:29 CEST)
How to cite:
Ibrahimi, D.; Rodríguez-Reséndiz, J. Evaluation and Comparison of the Dissociated Phoria State at Rear and Distance Fixation of Children, Using Three Different Techniques and the Prediction of Their Binocular State. Preprints2023, 2023040725. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0725.v1
Ibrahimi, D.; Rodríguez-Reséndiz, J. Evaluation and Comparison of the Dissociated Phoria State at Rear and Distance Fixation of Children, Using Three Different Techniques and the Prediction of Their Binocular State. Preprints 2023, 2023040725. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0725.v1
Ibrahimi, D.; Rodríguez-Reséndiz, J. Evaluation and Comparison of the Dissociated Phoria State at Rear and Distance Fixation of Children, Using Three Different Techniques and the Prediction of Their Binocular State. Preprints2023, 2023040725. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0725.v1
APA Style
Ibrahimi, D., & Rodríguez-Reséndiz, J. (2023). Evaluation and Comparison of the Dissociated Phoria State at Rear and Distance Fixation of Children, Using Three Different Techniques and the Prediction of Their Binocular State. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0725.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ibrahimi, D. and Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz. 2023 "Evaluation and Comparison of the Dissociated Phoria State at Rear and Distance Fixation of Children, Using Three Different Techniques and the Prediction of Their Binocular State" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202304.0725.v1
Abstract
Purpose: This research, compared the dissociated phoria state at near and distance fixation in free space, using three different techniques; the Howell test, alternate Cover test and Thorington test. Methods: A total of 220 healthy Mexican children from Querétaro, 5.06 to 17.11 years of age, participated in this study. The magnitude of phorias at both distances was quantified using each of the tests, starting from the least to the most disruptive one. The degree of stereopsis, break, and recovery value of the near point of convergence were also analyzed to understand the interaction among them and their impact on the sensorimotor balance of the visual system. Results: Despite their different ways of dissociation, for patients with exophoria or esophoria at near, the alternate Cover test and Thorington provide similar values. If examining the exophoria state at distance, the alternate Cover and Howell test are similar, whereas for the esophoria, the alternate Cover and Thorington give similar results. The break value and the magnitude of exophoria at near can predict the stereopsis degree. The break value and the magnitude of exophoria are related to each other. Gender doesn´t relate to any variable, whereas age, is associated with the degree of stereopsis and the break of NPC. Conclusions: The statistical analysis showed that the alternate Cover and Thorington test, despite their different ways of dissociation, can substitute one another, whereas the Howell test, cannot be interchangeable with the other two. The different way of dissociation this test uses, can be related to the obtained results. By analyzing the crucial elements of the binocular visual system, can help professionals determine the interaction among them and their impact on its sensorimotor balance.
Keywords
visual function; Howell test; alternate Cover test; Thorington test; dissociated phoria state; break value of near point of convergence; degree of stereopsis
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Ophthalmology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
