Version 1
: Received: 24 February 2023 / Approved: 28 February 2023 / Online: 28 February 2023 (02:14:19 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 28 February 2023 / Approved: 28 February 2023 / Online: 28 February 2023 (06:06:24 CET)
Lusi, C.M.; Davies, H.M.S. Passive Dynamics of the Head, Neck and Forelimb in Equine Foetuses—An Observational Study. Animals2023, 13, 1894.
Lusi, C.M.; Davies, H.M.S. Passive Dynamics of the Head, Neck and Forelimb in Equine Foetuses—An Observational Study. Animals 2023, 13, 1894.
Lusi, C.M.; Davies, H.M.S. Passive Dynamics of the Head, Neck and Forelimb in Equine Foetuses—An Observational Study. Animals2023, 13, 1894.
Lusi, C.M.; Davies, H.M.S. Passive Dynamics of the Head, Neck and Forelimb in Equine Foetuses—An Observational Study. Animals 2023, 13, 1894.
Abstract
Passive dynamics is an aspect of locomotion which is entirely dependent on the mechanical configuration and linkages of adjacent body segments. Tension distribution along mechanical linkages enables execution of movement patterns with reduced need for complex neurological pathways and may play a role in reestablishing postural stability following external disturbances. Here we demonstrate a uni-directional mechanical relationship between the equine forelimb, head and neck, which may have implications for balance and forelimb loading in the horse. These observations suggest that forelimb, head and neck movement coordination (observed in the horse during unrestrained locomotion) is largely controlled by the mechanical linkages between body segments, rather than being entirely dependent on neurological input as previously thought. This highlights the potential significance of research directed at investigating passively induced movements in understanding common locomotory patterns. Additionally, it suggests a mode of postural control which may provide instantaneous adjustments to postural disturbances, thus promoting rapid and efficient locomotion.
Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Commenter: Helen Davies
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author