Molecular Tracking of The Origin of Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreaks in 2004 and 2018, Ecuador

David Vasco-Julio; Dayana Aguilar; Alexander Maldonado; Euclides De la Torre; Maria Soledad Cisneros-Montufar; Carlos Bastidas-Caldes; Juan-Carlos Navarro; Jacobus H. De Waard

doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0052.v1

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preprints.org > biology and life sciences > virology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202301.0052.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Molecular Tracking of The Origin of Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreaks in 2004 and 2018, Ecuador

^* ,

Maria Soledad Cisneros-Montufar

Carlos Bastidas-Caldes

Juan-Carlos Navarro

Jacobus H. De Waard

Version 1 : Received: 31 December 2022 / Approved: 4 January 2023 / Online: 4 January 2023 (03:16:31 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Vasco-Julio, D.; Aguilar, D.; Maldonado, A.; de la Torre, E.; Cisneros-Montufar, M.S.; Bastidas-Caldes, C.; Navarro, J.-C.; de Waard, J.H. Molecular Tracking of the Origin of Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreaks in 2004 and 2018, Ecuador. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 181. Vasco-Julio, D.; Aguilar, D.; Maldonado, A.; de la Torre, E.; Cisneros-Montufar, M.S.; Bastidas-Caldes, C.; Navarro, J.-C.; de Waard, J.H. Molecular Tracking of the Origin of Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreaks in 2004 and 2018, Ecuador. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 181.

Abstract

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an arbovirus causing vesicular stomatitis (VS) in livestock. There are two serotypes recognized: New Jersey (NJ) and Indiana (IND). The virus can be transmitted directly by contact or by vectors. In Ecuador, in the year 2018, an outbreak of Vesicular Stomatitis (VS) in cattle, caused by VSV-NJ and VSV-IND, was recorded with 399 cases reported distributed over 18 provinces. We determined the phylogenetic relationships among 67 strains. For the construction of phylogenetic trees, the viral phosphoprotein gene was sequenced, and trees were constructed based on the Maximum Likelihood method using 2004 outbreak strains from Ecuador (Genbank) and the 2018 sequences (this article). We built a haplotype network for VSV-NJ to trace the origin of the 2004 and 2018 epizootics through topology and mutations connections. These analyses suggested two different origins, one related with the 2004 outbreak and the other from an enzootic transmission source in 2018. Our analysis also suggests different transmission patterns with several small and independent outbreaks, most probably transmitted by vectors in the Amazon, and in the Andes and Coast region by the movement of livestock. We recommend further research for vectors and vertebrate reservoirs in Ecuador to clarify the mechanisms of the reemergence of the virus.

Keywords

vesicular stomatitis virus; molecular epidemiology; outbreak; phylogeny

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Virology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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