Bell's Theorem Begs the Question

Joy Christian

doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0023.v12

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preprints.org > physical sciences > quantum science and technology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202301.0023.v12

Preprint Article Version 12 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Bell's Theorem Begs the Question

Joy Christian

Version 1 : Received: 2 January 2023 / Approved: 3 January 2023 / Online: 3 January 2023 (08:52:26 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 4 January 2023 / Approved: 5 January 2023 / Online: 5 January 2023 (02:41:00 CET)
Version 3 : Received: 5 January 2023 / Approved: 6 January 2023 / Online: 6 January 2023 (02:16:05 CET)
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Version 17 : Received: 10 February 2024 / Approved: 12 February 2024 / Online: 12 February 2024 (14:54:15 CET)

How to cite: Christian, J. Bell's Theorem Begs the Question. Preprints 2023, 2023010023. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202301.0023.v12 Christian, J. Bell's Theorem Begs the Question. Preprints 2023, 2023010023. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202301.0023.v12

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MDPI and ACS Style

Christian, J. Bell's Theorem Begs the Question. Preprints 2023, 2023010023. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202301.0023.v12

APA Style

Christian, J. (2023). Bell's Theorem Begs the Question. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202301.0023.v12

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian, J. 2023 "Bell's Theorem Begs the Question" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202301.0023.v12

Abstract

I demonstrate that Bell's theorem is based on circular reasoning and thus a fundamentally flawed argument. It unjustifiably assumes the additivity of expectation values for dispersion-free states of contextual hidden variable theories for non-commuting observables involved in Bell-test experiments, which is tautologous to assuming the bounds of ±2 on the Bell-CHSH sum of expectation values. Its premises thus assume in a different guise the bounds of ±2 it sets out to prove. Once this oversight is ameliorated from Bell's argument by identifying the impediment that leads to it and local realism is implemented correctly, the bounds on the Bell-CHSH sum of expectation values work out to be ±2√2 instead of ±2, thereby mitigating the conclusion of Bell's theorem. Consequently, what is ruled out by any of the Bell-test experiments is not local realism but the linear additivity of expectation values, which does not hold for non-commuting observables in any hidden variable theories to begin with.

Keywords

Bell’s theorem; local realism; Bell-CHSH inequalities; quantum correlations; Bell-test experimentsexperiments

Subject

Physical Sciences, Quantum Science and Technology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Received: 3 August 2023
Commenter: Joy Christian
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author

Comment: Significantly improved presentation.

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