Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Molecular Epidemiology and Virulence of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Armenia

Anahit Sedrakyan
ORCID logo ,
Zhanna Ktsoyan
ORCID logo ,
Karine Arakelova
,
Zaruhi Gevorgyan
,
Magdalina Zakharyan
,
Shoghik Hakobyan
,
Alvard Hovhannisyan
,
Arsen Arakelyan
,
Rustam Aminov
*
Version 1 : Received: 5 August 2022 / Approved: 8 August 2022 / Online: 8 August 2022 (10:07:34 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Sedrakyan, A.; Ktsoyan, Z.; Arakelova, K.; Gevorgyan, Z.; Zakharyan, M.; Hakobyan, S.; Hovhannisyan, A.; Arakelyan, A.; Aminov, R. Molecular Epidemiology and Virulence of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Armenia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 9330. Sedrakyan, A.; Ktsoyan, Z.; Arakelova, K.; Gevorgyan, Z.; Zakharyan, M.; Hakobyan, S.; Hovhannisyan, A.; Arakelyan, A.; Aminov, R. Molecular Epidemiology and Virulence of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Armenia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 9330.

Abstract

In this work, we analysed human isolates of nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (NTS), which were collected from salmonellosis cases in Armenia from 1996 to 2019. This disease became a leading food-borne bacterial infection in the region, with the younger age groups especially affected. The isolates were characterised by serotyping, Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC-PCR) typing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The main serotypes were S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and S. Arizonae. ERIC-PCR indicated a high degree of clonality among S. Typhimurium strains, which were also multidrug-resistant and produced extended spectrum beta-lactamases. During the study period, the frequency of S. Typhimurium and S. Arizonae isolations were decreasing, but with the increase of S. Enteritidis and other NTS. A total of 42 NTS isolates were subjected to WGS and explored for virulence-related traits and the corresponding genetic elements. Some virulence and genetic factors were shared by all NTS serotypes, while the main differences were attributed to the serotype-specific diversity of virulence genes, SPIs, virulence plasmids, and phages. The results indicated the variability and dynamics in the epidemiology of salmonellosis and a high virulence potential of human NTS isolates circulating in the region.

Keywords

non-typhoidal Salmonella; ERIC-PCR typing; WGS; virulence-related genes; SPIs; Salmonella virulence plasmids; prophages

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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