Version 1
: Received: 5 July 2022 / Approved: 7 July 2022 / Online: 7 July 2022 (09:23:27 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 14 July 2022 / Approved: 15 July 2022 / Online: 15 July 2022 (12:09:47 CEST)
Version 3
: Received: 17 July 2022 / Approved: 18 July 2022 / Online: 18 July 2022 (10:23:23 CEST)
Version 4
: Received: 17 August 2022 / Approved: 19 August 2022 / Online: 19 August 2022 (04:35:00 CEST)
Version 5
: Received: 5 March 2023 / Approved: 6 March 2023 / Online: 6 March 2023 (16:14:30 CET)
Version 6
: Received: 15 December 2023 / Approved: 15 December 2023 / Online: 18 December 2023 (06:27:08 CET)
How to cite:
Ladhani, A. The Big Bang Was Not the Beginning, but a Repeating Pattern of Expansion and Contraction of Space Time. Preprints2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v6
Ladhani, A. The Big Bang Was Not the Beginning, but a Repeating Pattern of Expansion and Contraction of Space Time. Preprints 2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v6
Ladhani, A. The Big Bang Was Not the Beginning, but a Repeating Pattern of Expansion and Contraction of Space Time. Preprints2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v6
APA Style
Ladhani, A. (2023). The Big Bang Was Not the Beginning, but a Repeating Pattern of Expansion and Contraction of Space Time. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v6
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ladhani, A. 2023 "The Big Bang Was Not the Beginning, but a Repeating Pattern of Expansion and Contraction of Space Time" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v6
Abstract
The cyclic universe theory is a model of cosmic evolution according to which the universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling, each beginning with a big bang and ending in a big crunch. In this paper, the researcher finds a unique property of Space-time, this particular and marvelous nature of space shows us that space can shrink, expand, and stretch. This property of space is caused the size of the Universe changing over time: growing or shrinking. The observed accelerated expansion, which relates the stretching of Shrunk space for the new theory, is derived. This model is based on three underlying notions: First, the Big Bang was not the beginning of Space-time, but rather at the very beginning fraction of a second there was an infinite force of infinite Shrunk space in the cosmic singularity, that force gave rise to the big bang and caused the rapidly growing of space-time, and all other forms of energy are transformed into matter and radiation and a new period of expansion and cooling begins. Second, there was a previous phase leading up to it, with multiple cycles of contraction and expansion that repeat indefinitely. Third, the two principal long-range forces are the gravitational force and the repulsive force generated by shrunk space. They are the two most fundamental quantities in the universe that govern cosmic evolution. They may provide the clockwork mechanism that operates our eternal cyclic universe. The space will not continue to expand forever, no need however, for dark energy and dark matter. This model of Space-time and its unique properties enables us to describe a sequence of events from the Big Bang to the Big Crunch.
Keywords
big bang and big crunch; cosmology; dark energy; dark matter; gravitational force; the cyclic universe
Subject
Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
18 December 2023
Commenter:
Amrit Ladhani
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
In this article, I explained the problem of dark matter, and dark energy could be fully addressed by revising general relativity at galactic scales and requiring further understanding of the properties of Space-time instead of new material components that have not been found up to now.Another advantage of this theory is that it automatically includes a prediction of the future of the universe because it goes through definite repeating cycles lasting perhaps trillions of years each. The Big Bang and inflation model has no built-in prediction about the long-term future; in the same way that inflation and dark energy arose unpredictably, another effect could emerge that would alter the current course of expansion.
Commenter: Amrit Ladhani
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author