Adaptive, Resilient Urban Underground Space (UUS)-Subsidence and Economic Impact Spatial Planning Model (USEM): The Extent Development Impact via Cause-Effect and Spatiotemporal Analyses Circa 1960-2020-2050 in Shanghai Megacity

Muhammad Akmal Hakim bin Hishammuddin; Jianxiu Wang; Muhammad Azizol Bin Ismail; Tianliang Yang; Xinlei Huang; Hasanuddin Z. Abidin; Soheil Sabri; Chin Siong Ho; Kasturi Devi Kanniah; Keng Ying Wong

doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0505.v2

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preprints.org > engineering > civil engineering > doi: 10.20944/preprints202112.0505.v2

Preprint Article Version 2 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Adaptive, Resilient Urban Underground Space (UUS)-Subsidence and Economic Impact Spatial Planning Model (USEM): The Extent Development Impact via Cause-Effect and Spatiotemporal Analyses Circa 1960-2020-2050 in Shanghai Megacity

Muhammad Akmal Hakim bin Hishammuddin

^* ,

Jianxiu Wang

Muhammad Azizol Bin Ismail

Version 1 : Received: 30 December 2021 / Approved: 31 December 2021 / Online: 31 December 2021 (11:00:16 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 20 February 2023 / Approved: 20 February 2023 / Online: 20 February 2023 (13:02:01 CET)

How to cite: Hishammuddin, M.A.H.B.; Wang, J.; Bin Ismail, M.A.; Yang, T.; Huang, X.; Abidin, H.Z.; Sabri, S.; Ho, C.S.; Kanniah, K.D.; Wong, K.Y. Adaptive, Resilient Urban Underground Space (UUS)-Subsidence and Economic Impact Spatial Planning Model (USEM): The Extent Development Impact via Cause-Effect and Spatiotemporal Analyses Circa 1960-2020-2050 in Shanghai Megacity. Preprints 2021, 2021120505. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0505.v2 Hishammuddin, M.A.H.B.; Wang, J.; Bin Ismail, M.A.; Yang, T.; Huang, X.; Abidin, H.Z.; Sabri, S.; Ho, C.S.; Kanniah, K.D.; Wong, K.Y. Adaptive, Resilient Urban Underground Space (UUS)-Subsidence and Economic Impact Spatial Planning Model (USEM): The Extent Development Impact via Cause-Effect and Spatiotemporal Analyses Circa 1960-2020-2050 in Shanghai Megacity. Preprints 2021, 2021120505. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0505.v2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hishammuddin, M.A.H.B.; Wang, J.; Bin Ismail, M.A.; Yang, T.; Huang, X.; Abidin, H.Z.; Sabri, S.; Ho, C.S.; Kanniah, K.D.; Wong, K.Y. Adaptive, Resilient Urban Underground Space (UUS)-Subsidence and Economic Impact Spatial Planning Model (USEM): The Extent Development Impact via Cause-Effect and Spatiotemporal Analyses Circa 1960-2020-2050 in Shanghai Megacity. Preprints 2021, 2021120505. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0505.v2

APA Style

Hishammuddin, M.A.H.B., Wang, J., Bin Ismail, M.A., Yang, T., Huang, X., Abidin, H.Z., Sabri, S., Ho, C.S., Kanniah, K.D., & Wong, K.Y. (2023). Adaptive, Resilient Urban Underground Space (UUS)-Subsidence and Economic Impact Spatial Planning Model (USEM): The Extent Development Impact via Cause-Effect and Spatiotemporal Analyses Circa 1960-2020-2050 in Shanghai Megacity. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0505.v2

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hishammuddin, M.A.H.B., Kasturi Devi Kanniah and Keng Ying Wong. 2023 "Adaptive, Resilient Urban Underground Space (UUS)-Subsidence and Economic Impact Spatial Planning Model (USEM): The Extent Development Impact via Cause-Effect and Spatiotemporal Analyses Circa 1960-2020-2050 in Shanghai Megacity" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0505.v2

Abstract

As a rapidly growing coastal megacity, Shanghai is continuously threatened with land subsidence issues since 1920s. Land subsidence was controlled in 1960s, however in 1990s, unconscious and dangerous urban underground space (UUS) exploration and tunneling development are causing further land subsidence. It is imperative to study previous relations towards future adaptive and resilient scenario modelling and planning. There are multiple cause-effect factors determined in the urban built environment of Shanghai megacity. This paper presents the current evidence based on the relations of the multifactor of the spectrum. Methods consist of understanding the cause-effect relations and spatiotemporal from the crucial period of 1960-2020. Data are collected secondarily from multiple open sourced databases. The results determine Shanghai are highly influenced by the UUS development induced-subsidence, tunneling leakage and weak spatial modelling. Spatiotemporal pattern has shown a mixed positive-negative impact: population, land subsidence is growing in parallel distribution (positive) with tunneling leakage, construction of tunneling, metro system, UUS development, building price, reconstruction area, GDP growth, land price, arable land decrease and further tunnel settlement in Urban City Centre, Pudong New Area, Minhang, Baoshan and Songjiang districts. These results are useful for further adaptive and resilient scenario modelling and spatial planning.

Keywords

Land subsidence; urban underground space; cause-effect; spatiotemporal; economic impact; spatial planning model; Shanghai

Subject

Engineering, Civil Engineering

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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