Shirinyan, E.; Petrova-Antonova, D. Modeling Buildings in CityGML LOD1: Building Parts, Terrain Intersection Curve, and Address Features. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11, 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11030166
Shirinyan, E.; Petrova-Antonova, D. Modeling Buildings in CityGML LOD1: Building Parts, Terrain Intersection Curve, and Address Features. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11, 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11030166
Shirinyan, E.; Petrova-Antonova, D. Modeling Buildings in CityGML LOD1: Building Parts, Terrain Intersection Curve, and Address Features. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11, 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11030166
Shirinyan, E.; Petrova-Antonova, D. Modeling Buildings in CityGML LOD1: Building Parts, Terrain Intersection Curve, and Address Features. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11, 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11030166
Abstract
3D city models integrate heterogeneous urban data from multiple sources in a unified geospatial representation, combining both semantics and geometry. Although in the last decades, they are predominantly used for visualization, today they are used in a large range of tasks related to exploration, analysis, and management across multiple domains. The complexity of urban processes and the diversity of urban environment bring challenges to the implementation of 3D city models. To address such challenges, this paper presents the development process of a 3D city model of a single neighborhood in Sofia city based on CityGML 2.0 standard. The model represents the buildings in LOD1 with a focus on CityGML features of related to the buildings like building part, terrain intersection curve and address. Similar building models of 18 cities provided as open datasets are explored and compared in order to extract good modeling practices. As a result, workflows for generation of 3D building models in LOD1 are elaborated and improvements in the feature modeling are proposed. Two options of building model are examined: modeling of a building as a single solid and modeling of a building with separate building parts. Finally, the possibilities for visualization of the model in popular platforms such as ArcGIS Pro and Cesium Ion are explored.
Keywords
3D City Model; CityGML 2.0; Spatial Data Integration
Subject
Engineering, Architecture, Building and Construction
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
