Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Canine and Feline Cutaneous Lymphocytosis: Reactive Process or Indolent Neoplastic Disease?

Version 1 : Received: 10 December 2021 / Approved: 14 December 2021 / Online: 14 December 2021 (13:01:19 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Albanese, F.; Abramo, F.; Marino, M.; Massaro, M.; Marconato, L.; Minoli, L.; Martini, V.; Aresu, L. Feline and Canine Cutaneous Lymphocytosis: Reactive Process or Indolent Neoplastic Disease? Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 26. Albanese, F.; Abramo, F.; Marino, M.; Massaro, M.; Marconato, L.; Minoli, L.; Martini, V.; Aresu, L. Feline and Canine Cutaneous Lymphocytosis: Reactive Process or Indolent Neoplastic Disease? Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 26.

DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9010026

Abstract

Cutaneous lymphocytosis (CL) is an uncommon and controversial lymphoproliferative disorder described in dogs and cats. CL is generally characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and histological features that may overlap with epitheliotropic lymphoma. Therefore, its neoplastic or reactive nature is still debated. Here, we describe clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and clonality features of a retrospective case series of 19 cats and 10 dogs with lesions histologically compatible with CL. In both species, alopecia, erythema and scales were the most frequent clinical signs. Histologically, a dermal infiltrate of small to medium-sized lymphocytes, occasionally extending to the subcutis, was always identified. Conversely, when present, epitheliotropism was generally mild. In cats, the infiltrate was consistently CD3+; in dogs, a mixture of CD3+ and CD20+ lymphocytes was observed only in 4 cases. The infiltrate was polyclonal in all cats, while BCR and TCR clonal rearrangements were identified in dogs. Overall, cats had a long-term survival (median overall survival=1080 days) regardless of the treatment received, while dogs showed a shorter and variable clinical course, with no evident associations with clinicopathological features. In conclusion, our results support a reactive nature of the disease in cats, associated with prolonged survival; despite a similar histological picture, canine CL was associated with a more heterogeneous lymphocytic infiltrate, clonality results, and response to treatment.

Keywords

cat; cutaneous lymphocytosis; dog; immunohistochemistry; lymphoma; PARR; skin

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics

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