Galaxy Formation and Rotation as a 4D Relativistic Cloud-World Embedded in a 4D Conformal Background: A Cloud Theory

The recent observation of the G2 gas cloud orbit around the galactic centre has challenged the model of a mere supermassive black hole at the centre of our galaxy which should have destroyed it. In addition, the Planck Legacy 2018 (PL18) release has preferred a positively curved early Universe with a confidence level exceeding 99%. In this study, the collapse of a large gas cloud in the early Universe to form a galaxy is modelled based on extended field equations as a 4D relativistic CloudWorld that flows and spins through a 4D independent conformal background of an initial positive curvature considering the preference of the PL18 release. Owning to the curved background, this scenario of galaxy formation indicates that the core of the galaxy undergoes a forced vortex formation with a central event horizon leading to opposite traversable wormholes that are spatially shrinking through the conformal time. It reveals that the galaxy and its core are formed at the same process where the surrounding gas clouds form the spiral arms due to the frame-dragging induced by the fast-rotating core. Accordingly, the G2 gas cloud that only faced the drag effects could be explained if its orbit is around the wormhole but at a distance from the central event horizon. The formation of the galaxy and its core simultaneously could explain the formation of the supermassive compact galaxy cores with a mass of ~10⁹ M_⊙ at just 6% of the current Universe age and could resolve the black hole hierarchy problem.