Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data

Raphael Zozimus Sangeda
* ORCID logo ,
Habibu A Saburi
,
Cassian Faustine
,
Beatrice Godwin Aiko
,
Erick Alexander
,
Sonia Mkumbwa
,
Adonis Bitegeko
,
Yonah Hebron
,
Emmanuel Alphonse
,
Mhina Chambuso
,
Hiiti Baran Sillo
,
Adam Fimbo
,
Pius Gerald Horumpende
Version 1 : Received: 9 August 2021 / Approved: 11 August 2021 / Online: 11 August 2021 (14:42:57 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Sangeda, R.Z.; Saburi, H.A.; Masatu, F.C.; Aiko, B.G.; Mboya, E.A.; Mkumbwa, S.; Bitegeko, A.; Mwalwisi, Y.H.; Nkiligi, E.A.; Chambuso, M.; Sillo, H.B.; Fimbo, A.M.; Horumpende, P.G. National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 1249. Sangeda, R.Z.; Saburi, H.A.; Masatu, F.C.; Aiko, B.G.; Mboya, E.A.; Mkumbwa, S.; Bitegeko, A.; Mwalwisi, Y.H.; Nkiligi, E.A.; Chambuso, M.; Sillo, H.B.; Fimbo, A.M.; Horumpende, P.G. National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 1249.

Abstract

Antimicrobial use (AMU) is one of the major drivers of emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Surveillance of AMU, a pillar of AMR stewardship (AMS), helps devise strategies to mitigate AMR. This descriptive, longitudinal retrospective study quantified the trends in human antibiotic utilization between 2010 and 2016 using data on all antibiotics imported for systemic human use into Tanzania's mainland. Regression and time series analyses were used to establish trends in antibiotics use. A total of 12,073 records for antibiotics were retrieved, totaling 154.51Daily Defined Doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID) with a mean (± standard deviation) of 22.07 (±48.85) DID. The private sector contributed 93.76%% of utilized antibiotics. The top-ranking antibiotics were amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and cefalexin. The DDIs and percentage contribution of these antibiotics were 53.78 (34.81%), 23.86 (15.44), 20.53 (13.29), 9.27 (6.0) and 6.94 (4.49), respectively. The time series model predicted significant increase in utilization(p-value =0.002). The model forecasted that by 2022, the total antibiotics consumed would reach 89.6 DIDs, corresponding to a 13-fold increase compared to 2010. Government intervention to curb inappropriate antibiotic utilization to mitigate the rising threat of antibiotic resistance should focus on implementing AMS programs in pharmacies and hospitals in Tanzania.

Keywords

antimicrobial; antimicrobial use; antimicrobial resistance; antibiotic utilization; Tanzania; defined daily dose, Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical Classification

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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