Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Temperature on Anopheles Mosquito Development and Survival: Implications for Malaria Control in a Future Warmer Climate

Thomas P. Agyekum
* ORCID logo ,
Paul K. Botwe
ORCID logo ,
John Arko-Mensah
ORCID logo ,
Ibrahim Issah
ORCID logo ,
Augustine A. Acquah
,
Jonathan N. Hogarh
,
Duah Dwomoh
,
Thomas Robins
,
Julius N. Fobil
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 2 May 2021 / Approved: 5 May 2021 / Online: 5 May 2021 (12:41:25 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Agyekum, T.P.; Botwe, P.K.; Arko-Mensah, J.; Issah, I.; Acquah, A.A.; Hogarh, J.N.; Dwomoh, D.; Robins, T.G.; Fobil, J.N. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Temperature on Anopheles Mosquito Development and Survival: Implications for Malaria Control in a Future Warmer Climate. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 7255. Agyekum, T.P.; Botwe, P.K.; Arko-Mensah, J.; Issah, I.; Acquah, A.A.; Hogarh, J.N.; Dwomoh, D.; Robins, T.G.; Fobil, J.N. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Temperature on Anopheles Mosquito Development and Survival: Implications for Malaria Control in a Future Warmer Climate. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 7255.

Abstract

The rearing temperature of the immature stages can have a significant impact on the life-history traits and the ability of adult mosquitoes to transmit diseases. This review assessed published evidence of the effects of temperature on the immature stages, life-history traits, insecticide susceptibility, and expression of enzymes in the adult Anopheles mosquito. Original articles published through 31 March 2021 were systematically retrieved from Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest and Web of Science databases. After applying eligibility criteria, 29 studies were included. The review revealed that immature stages of Anopheles arabiensis were more tolerant (in terms of survival) to a higher temperature than An. funestus and An. quadriannulatus. Higher temperatures resulted in smaller larval size and decreased hatching and pupation time. The development rate and survival of Anopheles stephensi were significantly reduced at a higher temperature than a lower temperature. Increasing temperatures decreased the longevity, body size, length of the gonotrophic cycle and fecundity of Anopheles mosquitoes. Anopheles mosquitoes exposed at 18° or 30 °C had a higher risk of dying compared to those exposed at 25 °C. Increasing temperature also significantly increased NOS expression and decreased insecticide toxicity. Both extreme low and high temperatures affect Anopheles mosquito development and survival. Climate change could have diverse effects on Anopheles mosquitoes. There seems to be inconclusive evidence of the effects of temperature on the development and survival of Anopheles species, and more studies are needed to clarify this relationship.

Keywords

Anopheles mosquito; Body size; Fecundity; Gonotrophic cycle; Immature stage; Insecticide; Longevity; Temperature

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Anatomy and Physiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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