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Version 1
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The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition: Nexus of Aging, Disease and Longevity
Version 1
: Received: 27 November 2020 / Approved: 30 November 2020 / Online: 30 November 2020 (12:53:43 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Rottenberg, H.; Hoek, J.B. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition: Nexus of Aging, Disease and Longevity. Cells 2021, 10, 79. Rottenberg, H.; Hoek, J.B. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition: Nexus of Aging, Disease and Longevity. Cells 2021, 10, 79.
Abstract
The activity of the mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore, mPTP, a highly regulated multi-component mega-channel, is enhanced in aging and in aging-driven degenerative diseases. mPTP activity accelerates aging by releasing large amounts of cell-damaging Reactive Oxygen Species, Ca2+ and NAD+. The various pathways that control the channel activity, directly or indirectly, can therefore either, inhibit, or accelerate aging, retards, or enhance the progression of aging-driven degenerative diseases, and determine lifespan and healthspan. Autophagy, a catabolic process that removes and digests damaged proteins and organelles protects the cell against aging and disease. However, the protective effect of autophagy depends on mTORC2/SKG1 inhibition of mPTP. Autophagy is inhibited in aging cells. Mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy, which retards aging by removing mitochondrial fragments with activated mPTP, is also inhibited in aging cells, and this inhibition leads to increased mPTP activation, which is a major contributor to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. The Increased activity of mPTP in aging turns autophagy/mitophagy into a destructive process leading to cell aging and death. Several drugs and lifestyle modifications that enhance healthspan and lifespan enhance autophagy and inhibit the activation of mPTP. Therefore, elucidating the intricate connections between pathways that activate and inhibit mPTP, in the context of aging and degenerative diseases, could enhance the discovery of new drugs and lifestyle modifications that slow aging and degenerative disease.
Keywords
mitochondrial permeability transition; aging; longevity; aging-driven degenerative disease; Reactive Oxygen Species; mitophagy; autophagy; Parkinson’s disease
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Anatomy and Physiology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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