Preprint Article Version 2 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Portable XRF Quick-Scan Mapping for Potential Toxic Elements Pollutants in Sustainable urban Drainage Systems: A Methodological Approach

Version 1 : Received: 24 November 2019 / Approved: 20 January 2020 / Online: 30 January 2020 (00:00:00 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 24 November 2019 / Approved: 20 January 2020 / Online: 27 March 2020 (00:00:00 CET)
Version 3 : Received: 24 November 2019 / Approved: 20 January 2020 / Online: 17 May 2020 (00:00:00 CEST)
Version 4 : Received: 24 November 2019 / Approved: 20 January 2020 / Online: 13 June 2020 (00:00:00 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Venvik, G.; Boogaard, F.C. Portable XRF Quick-Scan Mapping for Potential Toxic Elements Pollutants in Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems: A Methodological Approach. Sci 2020, 2, 64. Venvik, G.; Boogaard, F.C. Portable XRF Quick-Scan Mapping for Potential Toxic Elements Pollutants in Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems: A Methodological Approach. Sci 2020, 2, 64.

Abstract

Sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) such as swales are designed to collect, store and infiltrate a large amount of surface runoff water during heavy rainfall. Stormwater is known to transport pollutants, such as particle-bound Potential Toxic Elements (PTE), which are known to often accumulate in the topsoil. A portable XRF instrument (pXRF) is used to provide in situ spatial characterization of soil pollutants, specifically lead (Pb), zink (Zn) and copper (Cu). The method uses pXRF measurements of PTE along profiles with set intervals (1 m) to cover the swale with cross-sections, across the inlet, the deepest point and the outlet. Soil samples are collected, and the In-Situ measurements are verified by the results from laboratory analyses. Stormwater is here shown to be the transporting media for the pollutants, so it is of importance to investigate areas most prone to flooding and infiltration. This quick scan method is time and cost-efficient, easy to execute and the results are comparable to any known (inter)national threshold criteria for polluted soils. The results are of great importance for all stakeholders in cities that are involved in climate adaptation and implementing green infrastructure in urban areas. However, too little is still known about the long-term functioning of the soil-based SuDS facilities.

Keywords

portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF); Potential Toxic Elements (PTE); lead (Pb), zinc (Zn); copper (Cu); topsoil; sustainable urban drainage systems; SuDS; LID; BMPs; WSUD; GI; SCMs

Subject

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science

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