Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Clays, Limestone and Biochar Affect the Bioavailability and Geochemical Fractions of Cadmium and Zinc from Zn-Smelter Polluted Soils

Altaf Hussain Lahori
* ORCID logo ,
Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek
ORCID logo ,
Erdona Demiraj
ORCID logo ,
Rachida Idir
,
Thi Tuyet Xuan Bui
,
Dinh Duy Vu
,
Amanullah Channa
,
Naeem Akhtar Samoon
,
Zengqiang Zhang
*
Version 1 : Received: 27 September 2020 / Approved: 28 September 2020 / Online: 28 September 2020 (17:52:02 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Lahori, A.H.; Mierzwa-Hersztek, M.; Demiraj, E.; Idir, R.; Bui, T.T.X.; Vu, D.D.; Channa, A.; Samoon, N.A.; Zhang, Z. Clays, Limestone and Biochar Affect the Bioavailability and Geochemical Fractions of Cadmium and Zinc from Zn-Smelter Polluted Soils. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8606. Lahori, A.H.; Mierzwa-Hersztek, M.; Demiraj, E.; Idir, R.; Bui, T.T.X.; Vu, D.D.; Channa, A.; Samoon, N.A.; Zhang, Z. Clays, Limestone and Biochar Affect the Bioavailability and Geochemical Fractions of Cadmium and Zinc from Zn-Smelter Polluted Soils. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8606.

DOI: 10.3390/su12208606

Abstract

Ca-bentonite (CB) alone and in a mixture with limestone (L), tobacco biochar (TB) and zeolite (Z) on the fixation, geochemical fractions and absorption of Cd and Zn by Chinese cabbage in smelter heavily polluted (S-HP) and smelter low polluted (S-LP) soils were investigated. The results showed that the CB+TB and CB+L+TB treatments significantly immobilized Cd up to 22.03% and 29.68%, respectively, and reduced uptake by Chinese cabbage shoot to 35.98% with CB+Z+L and 61.35% with CB+L in S-HP and S-LP soils compared with the control. The CB+ Z+ L+TB treatment mobilized Cd up to 4.45% and increased absorption in the shoot by 9.85% in S-HP soil. The greatest immobilization of Zn was 53.18% and 58.20% with the CB+Z+L+TB treatment, which reduced Zn uptake in the plant shoot by 9.94% with CB + L and 58.04 with CB+Z+L+TB in S-HP and S-LP soils. The CB+Z+TB and CB+TB treatments mobilized Zn up to 35.40% and 4.80%, respectively, in both soils. Furthermore, the uptake of Zn in plant shoot was observed by 58.96% and 7.82% with application of CB+Z and CB+TB treatments, respectively, in S-HP and S-LP soils. Overall, our results suggest that Ca-bentonite alone and in mixtures with different amendments can be used to reduce the phyto-extraction of Cd and Zn in Zn-smelter polluted soils.

Keywords

clay minerals; limestone; biochar; trace elements; bio-availability; alkaline degraded soils

Subject

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Soil Science

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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