Galactic Symmetry

Richard Oldani

doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v6

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preprints.org > physical sciences > astronomy and astrophysics > doi: 10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v6

Preprint Article Version 6 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Galactic Symmetry

Richard Oldani

Version 1 : Received: 8 September 2020 / Approved: 10 September 2020 / Online: 10 September 2020 (03:54:27 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 21 February 2022 / Approved: 22 February 2022 / Online: 22 February 2022 (08:23:27 CET)
Version 3 : Received: 3 June 2022 / Approved: 6 June 2022 / Online: 6 June 2022 (09:27:33 CEST)
Version 4 : Received: 25 August 2022 / Approved: 26 August 2022 / Online: 26 August 2022 (11:33:29 CEST)
Version 5 : Received: 7 November 2022 / Approved: 7 November 2022 / Online: 7 November 2022 (10:59:26 CET)
Version 6 : Received: 4 December 2022 / Approved: 5 December 2022 / Online: 5 December 2022 (10:32:03 CET)
Version 7 : Received: 7 April 2024 / Approved: 8 April 2024 / Online: 8 April 2024 (11:40:23 CEST)

How to cite: Oldani, R. Galactic Symmetry. Preprints 2020, 2020090215. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v6 Oldani, R. Galactic Symmetry. Preprints 2020, 2020090215. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v6

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MDPI and ACS Style

Oldani, R. Galactic Symmetry. Preprints 2020, 2020090215. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v6

APA Style

Oldani, R. (2022). Galactic Symmetry. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v6

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oldani, R. 2022 "Galactic Symmetry" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v6

Abstract

Differences between the quantum mechanical and relativistic concepts of time are explained by applying the strong equivalence principle to the electron in an atomic clock. The resulting clock model calls for the microscopic equations of motion of the electron to be formulated in Minkowski space, and for the photon to be described relativistically as a four-dimensional localization of energy. The resulting Lagrangian formulation of quantum mechanics is completely analogous to the more familiar nonrelativistic Hamiltonian model based on the Schrödinger equation. It accounts for the 720 degree rotation of a wave function as the absorption of one 360 degree electromagnetic wave cycle and the emission of another, yielding two wave cycles to correspond with one clock cycle. Because the properties of energy are universal the equations are able to be extended to include galaxies in spite of vast differences in lifetime. They show that symmetry exists between the electromagnetic fields of atoms and the gravitational fields of galaxies due to the presence in both of radial and transverse fields. The description of galaxy structure is fundamentally distinct because it is based on the conjugate variables energy and time.

Keywords

time; clocks; quantum mechanics; relativity theory; conjugate variables; non-inertial; space-time linearity; energy

Subject

Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Comments (2)

Comment 1

Received: 5 December 2022
Commenter: Richard Oldani
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author

Comment: _{This is a final version.}

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Comment 2

Received: 29 March 2023
Commenter:

Richard Oldani

The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.

Comment: This article has been peer reviewed although the DOI has not been activated yet:
Oldani R (2022) J Astrobiol Outreach. 10:268. DOI: 10.35248/2332-2519.22.10.268

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