Version 1
: Received: 13 August 2020 / Approved: 17 August 2020 / Online: 17 August 2020 (04:35:31 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 9 September 2020 / Approved: 11 September 2020 / Online: 11 September 2020 (06:27:07 CEST)
Shropshire, J. D.; Leigh, B.; Bordenstein, S. R. Symbiont-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: What Have We Learned in 50 Years? eLife, 2020, 9. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.61989.
Shropshire, J. D.; Leigh, B.; Bordenstein, S. R. Symbiont-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: What Have We Learned in 50 Years? eLife, 2020, 9. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.61989.
Shropshire, J. D.; Leigh, B.; Bordenstein, S. R. Symbiont-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: What Have We Learned in 50 Years? eLife, 2020, 9. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.61989.
Shropshire, J. D.; Leigh, B.; Bordenstein, S. R. Symbiont-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: What Have We Learned in 50 Years? eLife, 2020, 9. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.61989.
Abstract
Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most common symbiont-induced reproductive manipulation. Specifically, symbiont-induced sperm modifications cause catastrophic mitotic defects in the fertilized embryo and ensuing lethality in crosses between symbiotic males and either aposymbiotic females or females harboring a different symbiont strain. However, if the female carries the same symbiont strain, then embryos develop properly, which imparts a relative fitness benefit to symbiont-transmitting mothers. Thus, CI drives maternally transmitted bacteria to high frequencies in arthropod species worldwide. In the past two decades, CI has experienced a boom in interest due in part to its (i) deployment in successful, worldwide efforts to reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, (ii) causation by bacteriophage genes, cifA and cifB, that modify animal reproductive processes, and (iii) important impacts on incipient speciation. This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual, and quantitative themes of CI and outlines significant gaps in our understanding of CI’s mechanism that are ripe for investigation from a diversity of subdisciplines in the life sciences.
Keywords
cytoplasmic incompatibility; Wolbachia; prophage WO; CifA and CifB; symbiosis
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biology and Biotechnology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
