Version 1
: Received: 13 August 2020 / Approved: 17 August 2020 / Online: 17 August 2020 (04:35:31 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 9 September 2020 / Approved: 11 September 2020 / Online: 11 September 2020 (06:27:07 CEST)
Shropshire, J. D.; Leigh, B.; Bordenstein, S. R. Symbiont-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: What Have We Learned in 50 Years? eLife, 2020, 9. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.61989.
Shropshire, J. D.; Leigh, B.; Bordenstein, S. R. Symbiont-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: What Have We Learned in 50 Years? eLife, 2020, 9. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.61989.
Shropshire, J. D.; Leigh, B.; Bordenstein, S. R. Symbiont-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: What Have We Learned in 50 Years? eLife, 2020, 9. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.61989.
Shropshire, J. D.; Leigh, B.; Bordenstein, S. R. Symbiont-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: What Have We Learned in 50 Years? eLife, 2020, 9. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.61989.
Abstract
Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most common symbiont-induced reproductive manipulation. Specifically, symbiont-induced sperm modifications cause catastrophic mitotic defects in the fertilized embryo and ensuing lethality in crosses between symbiotic males and either aposymbiotic females or females harboring a different symbiont strain. However, if the female carries the same symbiont strain, then embryos develop properly, which imparts a relative fitness benefit to symbiont-transmitting mothers. Thus, CI drives maternally transmitted bacteria to high frequencies in arthropod species worldwide. In the past two decades, CI has experienced a boom in interest due in part to its (i) deployment in successful, worldwide efforts to reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, (ii) causation by bacteriophage genes, cifA and cifB, that modify animal reproductive processes, and (iii) important impacts on incipient speciation. This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual, and quantitative themes of CI and outlines significant gaps in our understanding of CI’s mechanism that are ripe for investigation from a diversity of subdisciplines in the life sciences.
Keywords
cytoplasmic incompatibility; Wolbachia, prophage WO; CifA and CifB; symbiosis
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Commenter: Seth Bordenstein
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author