Version 1
: Received: 24 March 2020 / Approved: 26 March 2020 / Online: 26 March 2020 (01:40:07 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 13 July 2020 / Approved: 13 July 2020 / Online: 13 July 2020 (03:05:48 CEST)
Kramarenko, A.V., Kramarenko, A.V. & Savenko, O. A new radio-frequency acoustic method for remote study of liquids. Sci Rep 11, 6696 (2021).
Kramarenko, A.V., Kramarenko, A.V. & Savenko, O. A new radio-frequency acoustic method for remote study of liquids. Sci Rep 11, 6696 (2021).
Kramarenko, A.V., Kramarenko, A.V. & Savenko, O. A new radio-frequency acoustic method for remote study of liquids. Sci Rep 11, 6696 (2021).
Kramarenko, A.V., Kramarenko, A.V. & Savenko, O. A new radio-frequency acoustic method for remote study of liquids. Sci Rep 11, 6696 (2021).
Abstract
In the present work, a novel conductive liquids method of study has been proposed. It is based on the phenomenon of radiofrequency anisotropy of electrolyte solution discovered by us. It arises in response to mechanical or acoustic excitation of the solution. We have observed the phenomenon during the development of an RF polarimetric contactless cardiograph. The electric field vector of the transmitted 433.82 MHz signal rotated after its transition through the pericardial region. That rotation depends on the change of blood acceleration when passing through the chambers of the heart and large vessels. It has also been revealed that rotation occurs after RF wave passage through the physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) subjected to any mechanical excitation inside it like a jet appearing or soundwave passing. No significant difference was detected experimentally between NaCl and KCl solutions behavior. It means that the mechanism of hydrodynamic separation of ions is apparently not suitable to explain the phenomenon. The response we have registered resembles the magnetization process of spin glasses. From the nature of the observed response, we have concluded that a fundamentally new physical effect is discovered. It may provide wide opportunities for remote measurement of the electrolyte solution parameters with polarized radio-frequency signals.
Keywords
contactless cardiography; polarization vector; polarimetry; aqueous electrolyte solution; relaxation time
Subject
Physical Sciences, Applied Physics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
13 July 2020
Commenter:
Andrey Kramarenko
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
We completed the new treatment of our experimental data and we added some new illustrative material. Also, we improved our English, changed the LaTeX style to RevTeX-4, and now we have one more author.
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
Comment:
We have just uploaded one more video about how to measure water flux inside the airlift pump with our device. Of course it has neither electrodes nor pressure sensors. All measurements are contactless. Enjoy!
The article has been thoroughly revised. Firstly, we rearranged it according to the general order of the sections adopted for a scientific article (e.g. Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusion, Appendix). Secondly, we changed the title and added some illustrations. And thirdly, we found an unforgivable error in our mathematics and corrected it!
We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.
Commenter: Andrey Kramarenko
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
https://youtu.be/gOGvGjJ2QnI
Russian language only, we'll add English subtitles soon.
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
https://youtu.be/gOGvGjJ2QnI
Happy viewing!
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
https://youtu.be/yB9uKd3MNxU
We welcome your comments!
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
https://youtu.be/z-1pzf3iUyM
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
We are glad to inform you that now we have published a peer-reviewed version of this article in "Scientific Reports" journal:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-84500-6
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
In order to make your access to demonstration videos and previous article more convenient we are glad to provide the corresponding links additionally:
English version of Kramarenko-Kulemin Savchuk article in Biofizika journal:
http://www.tredex-company.com/sites/default/files/images/1996.pdf
Contactless polarimetric cardiography video:
https://youtu.be/gOGvGjJ2QnI
Demo of a car driver monitoring system:
https://youtu.be/yB9uKd3MNxU
Demo of an industrial application (pump work control) of a non-contact RF registration device:
https://youtu.be/z-1pzf3iUyM
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202106.0140/v1
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
The article has been thoroughly revised. Firstly, we rearranged it according to the general order of the sections adopted for a scientific article (e.g. Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusion, Appendix). Secondly, we changed the title and added some illustrations. And thirdly, we found an unforgivable error in our mathematics and corrected it!