Version 1
: Received: 3 November 2019 / Approved: 4 November 2019 / Online: 4 November 2019 (03:21:34 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 14 July 2020 / Approved: 15 July 2020 / Online: 15 July 2020 (03:30:06 CEST)
Version 3
: Received: 19 March 2023 / Approved: 20 March 2023 / Online: 20 March 2023 (06:59:15 CET)
Version 4
: Received: 20 February 2024 / Approved: 20 February 2024 / Online: 20 February 2024 (22:14:28 CET)
How to cite:
Ishiguri, S. Circuit-Based Approaches for a Superconducting-Like Behavior with High Critical Current Density. Preprints2019, 2019110033. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201911.0033.v3
Ishiguri, S. Circuit-Based Approaches for a Superconducting-Like Behavior with High Critical Current Density. Preprints 2019, 2019110033. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201911.0033.v3
Ishiguri, S. Circuit-Based Approaches for a Superconducting-Like Behavior with High Critical Current Density. Preprints2019, 2019110033. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201911.0033.v3
APA Style
Ishiguri, S. (2023). Circuit-Based Approaches for a Superconducting-Like Behavior with High Critical Current Density. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201911.0033.v3
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ishiguri, S. 2023 "Circuit-Based Approaches for a Superconducting-Like Behavior with High Critical Current Density" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201911.0033.v3
Abstract
In general, a superconductor has zero resistance, although it requires significant refrigeration or high pressures, which prevents it into practical applications. In other words, solving these issues implies main superconducting researches. This paper describes a new type of superconductivity, which is independent for temperatures and which operates without pressures. The principles of the presented system are as follows:First a voltage source, a current source and a load are connected in series. Then, the voltage of the voltage source is adjusted to balance the voltage of the load. Under this condition, the balance of the two voltages provides a zero voltage between the taps of the current source and the generated current from the voltage source becomes zero because of the internal infinite resistance of the current source. As a result, the electric powers generated by the two sources are zero, and therefore, the load cannot generate Joule heating because of energy conservation. However, the current from the current source (not the voltage source) is not zero; therefore, we can predict that the resistance of the load must be zero. As a theory, we derived a new electric field and transient attractive force, which result in a very short coherence of an electron pair because there is not Coulomb repulsive force due to the existence of the above transient attractive force. Note that both the forces are derived by the Poisson equation, which implies that they cannot compatible. Therefore, the pair combination energy from spins becomes extremely strong, which is not destroyed by the normal heat energy. Moreover, every center-of-mass motion of electron pair results in the Bose-Einstein condensation and the macroscopic wave function, which produces the London equation (i.e., the Meissner effect). Moreover, by introducing the equivalent circuit, this paper conducted numerical calculations. As a result, we could derive numerically zero resistance and responses for additional static magnetic fields as a discharged current. Note that this paper has prepared Appendix section, which provides a guide to reproduce actual experiments and preliminary experimental results.
Keywords
temperature-independent superconductivity; circuit-approached superconductivity; electron pair; Bose–Einstein condensation; large superconducting energy gap; London equation; Meissner effect; macroscopic wave function; critical current density; negative voltages
Subject
Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
20 March 2023
Commenter:
S. Ishiguri
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment: 1.The appendix section has been added in the revised version. Please see p.26-p.34. This appendix describes a knack to reproduce the experiments of this paper and describes preliminary experimental results. This appendix will help our readers to reproduce the experiments. 2.Abstract was reviewed again and was reconstructed logically. 3.Introduction section was also reconstructed. In this process, “Summary to achieve our superconductivity” was repositioned to Discussion section. Please see p. 22, sec.5.4. Moreover, the references were reinforced. 4.A shortcoming in this study was described. Please see 23, sec.5.5. 5.The title was slightly modified to present the contents precisely.
Commenter: S. Ishiguri
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
2.Abstract was reviewed again and was reconstructed logically.
3.Introduction section was also reconstructed. In this process, “Summary to achieve our superconductivity” was repositioned to Discussion section. Please see p. 22, sec.5.4. Moreover, the references were reinforced.
4.A shortcoming in this study was described. Please see 23, sec.5.5.
5.The title was slightly modified to present the contents precisely.