Abstract: Wildfire detection and characterization from space critically depend on accurate thermal infrared measurements across a wide dynamic range. OroraTech’s SAFIRE payloads feature mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands optimized for this purpose, yet the volume and power constraints of many CubeSat platforms preclude the use of onboard calibration sources. This reflects a broader limitation of current Earth observation systems: the absence of robust calibration and validation methodologies at high brightness temperatures relevant to active fires. We evaluate the potential of using thermophysical models (TPM) of the Moon as a vicarious calibration reference for calibration transfer between instruments. The Moon reaches surface temperatures of up to 400 K, offering a stable target in the thermal domain that is visible from many different orbits. Previous research has established the use of TPMs for Moon observations in the infrared; however, uncertainties in surface properties remain, particularly in the mid-wave infrared. We investigate these effects using SAFIRE observations of the lunar surface acquired over a wide range of lunar phase angles (from waxing -81.5° to waning +122.2°). We constrain the TPMs using observations from the Sentinel-3 Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) fire channels and uncover a 5.2 % inter-sensor disagreement in the MWIR between Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B at high brightness temperatures, corresponding to ~2.2 K at 400 K. Applying the same methodology to observations of our SAFIRE payloads bounds the calibration transfer error at 5.8 % in the MWIR and 4.2 % in the LWIR for lunar phase angles within ±45°. These results establish lunar vicarious calibration as a viable approach in the thermal domain for high-temperature applications, providing a pathway toward improved fire radiative power retrievals and enhanced global wildfire monitoring.

Abstract: Background: We have efficiently combined arthroscopic lateral retinacular release with medial reefing for proximal realignment of the patella in patients with patellar dislocation. We therefore conducted this study to assess long-term outcomes of our technique. Methods: The current study was conducted in a total of 67 patients who were surgically treated at our medical institution between February 2012 and March 2024. The patients were evaluated for whether there were significant differences in the patellar tilt angle, congruence angle, tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance (TT-TG), Insall-Salvati index, Lysholm knee scores and Kujala score between preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: A total of 47 patients (n = 47; 25 men and 22 women) (48 knees) were finally included in the current study; their mean age was 30.7 ± 11.3 (range, 15-63) years old and they were followed up during a mean period of 36.9 ± 25.5 (range, 24-120) months. Preoperatively, the Q-angle and sulcus angle were measured as 14.0° ± 2.7° and 134.4° ± 1.5°, respectively. Preoperatively, the patellar tilt angle, congruence angle, Insall-Salvati index, TT-TG distance, Lysholm knee scores and Kujala scores were measured as 21.6° ± 4.7°, 16.9° ± 14.2°, 0.9 ± 0.1, 17.5 ± 1.9 mm, 45.7 ± 6.4 points and 58.7 ± 8.7, respectively. Postoperatively, these measurements were 10.9° ± 1.4°, 1.0° ± 3.7°, 1.1 ± 0.1, 12.9 ± 1.6 mm, 87.9 ± 4.3 points and 89.7 ± 3.7 points in the corresponding order. These difference reached statistical significance (p < 0.05). Postoperatively, there was only one case (2.1%) of recurrence at postoperative 2 months, but this was corrected by revision arthroscopic repair. Moreover, there was one case of hematoma, but this was managed with aspiration. Furthermore, there were two cases of a loss of flexion of < 135°. Two months later, this was treated with manipulation. But there were no other postoperative complications such as patellar fracture or infection. Conclusion: Arthroscopic lateral retinacular release combined with medial reefing for proximal realignment of the patella is an effective, safe modality in patients with acute or subacute patellar dislocation.

Abstract: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. is valued for skin repair. Salt (NaCl) treatment is an inexpensive way to alter its active molecules, but its effect on bioactivity across germplasm is unknown. Thirty-nine Thai accessions were grown with or without 100 mM NaCl for 10 days, and methanol leaf extracts were screened against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using a growth ratio (GR), growth with the NaCl ex-tract relative to the untreated extract. The most responsive accession, PHE, was profiled by untargeted LC-HRMS and assessed in a 24 h kinetic growth assay and in Ha-CaT keratinocyte viability and wound-healing assays. NaCl extracts reduced bacterial growth to 0.88 (E. coli) and 0.90 (S. aureus) of the untreated level, with wide variation among accessions. In PHE, nicotinamide was the most strongly induced metabolite (9.3-fold) and reached one tenth of the plant-derived signal. The NaCl extract inhibited E. coli by 88% versus 36% for the untreated extract, was non-cytotoxic, stimulated keratinocyte proliferation and raised wound closure to 84% of the positive control, matched by nicotinamide alone (83%). Salt elicitation therefore confers antimicrobial and wound-healing activity on C. asiatica, with nicotinamide largely explaining the latter and contributing with other constituents to the former.

Abstract: Sclerotium rot, caused by Agroathelia rolfsii, is one of the main soilborne diseases that limit plant growth and tomato yield. This study evaluated the efficacy of Amazonian Trichoderma species to control sclerotium rot, and promote plant growth under field conditions, in Manaus, Brazil. We used six species (isolates) of Trichoderma based on their previously assessed performance in field trials. The incidence of sclerotium rot, tomato fruit yield and the production of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and siderophores were evaluated. The isolates reduced the incidence of sclerotium rot by up to 75% and also increased fruit yield. T. rugulosum had the best performance, as it greatly reduced sclerotium rot incidence and improved fruit yield. Although no differences were found in biomass allocation to plant organs, T. endophyticum, T. agriamazonicum, and T. asperelloides showed high production of IAA. The results highlight the potential of Amazonian Trichoderma isolates as bio fungicides to be used in sustainable cultivation of tomato. Furthermore, we show the potential of Amazonian species of Trichoderma to both reduce the incidence of sclerotium rot, and to increase the production of bioactive compounds that stimulate plant growth. By reducing the use of synthetic agrochemicals, the use of Trichoderma promotes healthier and more sustainable agricultural practices.

Abstract: Modin and Verdier observed favorable long-time energy behavior for nonholonomic leapfrog in a rotating constrained-spring example that their reversibility argument did not explain. We investigate a foundational question: which polynomial conservation laws follow from the reflected update independently of the driver? For planar rank-one constraints and 0 < h < 2, we prove that the modified quadratic energy generates all common polynomial invariants, except at h = \( \sqrt{2} \), where an independent quartic generator appears. At this step, a change of variables turns the update into an exchange of squared lengths. This mechanism extends to arbitrary orthogonal-projector sequences in any dimension. The classification identifies the conservation shared by the update family; the original passenger-energy observation remains a separate question.

Abstract: Background: Neuromuscular fatigue reduces a muscle’s capacity to generate force and is a key determinant of performance and injury risk. In basketball, the quadriceps femoris (QF) is central to jumping, acceleration, and changes of direction, so objective detection of QF fatigue is clinically valuable. Objective: To develop and validate ma-chine-learning models for detecting QF neuromuscular fatigue in professional basket-ball players from surface electromyography (sEMG), and to relate fatigue-induced changes to knee biomechanics. Methods: In this pilot study, eight male athletesIn a real cohort, eight male athletes (n = 8; basketball; 18–40 years) performed standardized isometric and isotonic 30-repetition knee-extension fatigue protocols (isometric con-traction at 60% of maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]; isotonic 30-repetition set against a fixed submaximal load of 60% of MVC), measured on both legs (16 limbs). sEMG from vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) was recorded per SENIAM guidelines at baseline, during, and post-fatigue. Time-domain (RMS), frequen-cy-domain (MDF, MNF), and non-linear features (approximate entropy, sample en-tropy, recurrence quantification analysis), plus the VL/VM ratio, were extracted; Ran-dom Forest, Support Vector Machine, and CNN–LSTM classifiers were trained and evaluated with participant-level nested cross-validationwere trained (k-fold cross-validation) and knee loading examined with finite-element (FEM) analysis. Re-sults: Fatigue reduced MDF and MNF and increased RMS in both muscles (p < 0.001), increased signal determinism, and shifted the VL/VM ratio (0.97 → 1.14, p < 0.01). The CNN–LSTM model reached the highest within-subject accuracy (0.93, AUC 0.97); however, under participant-level (leave-one-subject-out) nested cross-validation this did not generalize across athletes, with the classical models reaching only modest per-formance (accuracy ~0.69, AUC ~0.73)achieved the best classification (accuracy 0.93, AUC 0.97), exceeding classical approaches; FEM indicated increased localized carti-lage stress under fatigue. Conclusions: A multimodal framework combining sEMG, biomechanics, and artificial intelligence detected the canonical fatigue signature (ris-ing RMS with falling MNF) in 32/57 trials and, under participant-level (leave-one-subject-out) nested cross-validation the classifiers generalized only mod-estly (accuracy ~0.69, AUC ~0.73), well below the within-subject estimate; these pre-liminary findings require confirmation in a larger, adequately powered cohort.enables accurate, objective assessment of neuromuscular fatigue, with translational potential in sports medicine and injury prevention. In this pilot cohort (eight athletes, 16 limbs, 57 sEMG trials)In the real cohort (eight athletes, 16 limbs, 57 sEMG trials), RMS in-creased in 50 and MNF decreased in 37 trials, with the fatigue signature present in 32/57 (56%).

Abstract: .Lanthanum orthoferrite perovskite-type LaFeO3 (LFO) was successfully synthesized at room temperature (RT) using the reverse micelle method (RM) with different water-to-surfactant ratios. Into the implementation of this study, we used various characterization techniques such as the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and dielectric and impedance spectroscopy LCR meter. TGA and DSC measurements were used to determine the LFO thermal properties. UV-visible is used to examine the various optical properties of LFO such as optical bandgap energy (E_g), absorption and extinction coefficients, Urbach energy (Eu), and threshold wavelength. The dielectric properties and impedance spectra were also studied in detail.

Abstract: Recent advances have broadened the capabilities of continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CW-CRDS), driven by demands for higher sensitivity, faster acquisition, and reliable operation in non-ideal environments. This review organizes progress through a taxonomy spanning: (i) cavity and coupling architectures, including compact resonators, related fiber-based systems, extended spectral implementations, and multiplexed or comb-enabled designs; (ii) ring-down acquisition and modulation approaches, from controlled and random cavity-length tuning to coding-based and hybrid modulation–absorption schemes, with different trade-offs in spectral coverage and drift sensitivity; and (iii) analysis workflows that address precision and traceability, such as Allan-variance–guided optimization, saturation/nonlinearity modeling, and uncertainty reporting. We connect these technical choices to key application areas, including trace-gas sensing, reactive and transient media, particulate/aerosol measurements, breath analysis, and precision spectroscopy. Deployment considerations, including sampling interfaces, long-term stability, and calibration transfer, are discussed for harsh or space-limited settings. Remaining challenges in mode matching, baseline control, scalable multiplexing, and low-power integration are outlined to guide next-generation CW-CRDS instruments.

Abstract: A single demonstration can guide a robot toward a new goal, execution sequence, or object correspondence without updating its learned parameters. Yet “one demonstration” describes neither a common information budget nor a common learning problem. This survey examines demonstration-driven in-context learning for robotic manipulation through four axes: context information, inference target, adaptation mechanism, and evaluated transfer. It connects early conditional policies to geometric methods, retrieval, vision-language-action models, and world action models. Three findings organize the comparison. Geometric structure reduces the transformation that a policy must learn, while making perception and correspondence more consequential. Compressed task representations favor reusable intent, whereas detailed context supports stage-dependent control at greater inference cost. Human-video adaptation obtains executable correspondence from prior pairing, motion estimation, or robot-future models; the video alone does not provide the same information in each route. Representative method tables make these preparation requirements explicit, and benchmark evidence locates current strengths in task selection and structured transfer. The resulting research questions concern informative example selection, selective access during execution, and interaction that resolves correspondence uncertainty.

Abstract: Conditional-density models describe the full future law of a random time as information evolves, but explicit non-Markovian specifications of the resulting survival and density surfaces are difficult to obtain. We construct such surfaces from a latent quadratic Gaussian–Volterra path functional and an independent exponential threshold. Conditional survival is represented by a Laplace-transform martingale field. Malliavin calculus and Gaussian resolvent identities yield its Brownian coefficient in closed operator form, giving explicit dynamics for the conditional survival and density surfaces, a direct mass-compatibility identity, the moving-diagonal Azéma-supermartingale decomposition, and the predictable default intensity. Under a pricing measure, the same coefficients determine the forward-hazard curve, defaultable-bond volatility, and continuously paid CDS spread volatility. A one-Brownian-factor specification implies a rank-at-most-one instantaneous covariance matrix of CDS log-spread changes. We also establish finite-rank Galerkin convergence and perturbation stability. A stylized numerical study illustrates exact initial-curve fitting, local rank diagnostics, and recovery of a Volterra amplitude from a dynamic covariance target.

Abstract: Background: Children who enter foster care experience profound pre-placement adversity and care-related instability, placing them at markedly elevated risk for psychiatric disorders across the life course. Yet a substantial minority of foster-care alumni maintain mental health and achieve resilient outcomes. This review synthesizes evidence on the divergent developmental pathways that lead to psychopathology in some alumni and resilience in others. Method: This narrative review integrates findings from epidemiological surveys, longitudinal cohort studies, meta-analyses, and resilience research. Evidence was drawn from studies of psychiatric prevalence during care, adult outcomes, biological embedding of adversity, placement characteristics, transition-age challenges, and protective processes across individual, relational, and systemic levels. Results: Psychiatric morbidity among children in care is consistently high, with prevalence estimates ranging from 33–67% and elevated risks for depression, PTSD, conduct disorder, substance use, and suicidality. These vulnerabilities persist into adulthood, predicting socioeconomic disadvantage, homelessness, criminal justice involvement, and increased mortality. Risk pathways include cumulative maltreatment, toxic stress and neurobiological embedding, placement instability, school mobility, and abrupt service discontinuity at emancipation. Despite this burden, 20–40% of maltreated or care-experienced individuals demonstrate resilient functioning. Protective processes include individual assets (self-efficacy, cognitive capacity, temperament), but relational supports are most influential. Stable, nurturing foster placements, natural mentoring relationships, educational continuity, and extended foster care consistently predict better mental health and adult functioning. Resilience is multidimensional and fluctuating; competence in one domain may coexist with hidden emotional distress. Conclusions: Divergent outcomes among foster-care alumni reflect differences in risk exposure and access to protective systems rather than inherent vulnerability. Placement stability, relational permanence, adequate mental health services, educational support, and extended care are modifiable levers that can shift trajectories toward resilience. The evidence demonstrates that positive outcomes are achievable and common when protective processes are strengthened, underscoring the need for multisystemic, developmentally informed policy and practice. Public Significance Statement: About one in three adults who grew up in foster care develops a psychiatric disorder, yet a similar number go on to thrive despite comparable early adversity. This review shows that stable placements, at least one caring mentor, and continued support after age 18 are what most reliably protect mental health — offering child-welfare systems concrete ways to improve outcomes.

Abstract: Background: Intravascular hemolysis releases cell-free hemoglobin and free heme when endogenous haptoglobin and hemopexin scavenging capacity is exceeded, converting erythrocyte injury into a systemic vascular and inflammatory process. Objective: This narrative review examines the emerging concept that heme-driven neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation provides a mechanistic axis linking hemolysis, sterile inflammation and immunothrombosis. Methods: Relevant experimental, translational and clinical literature was identified through targeted literature searches, with emphasis on primary mechanistic studies, disease-specific investigations and recent translational evidence. Landmark studies were retained where necessary to establish foundational mechanisms, and findings were synthesized thematically rather than quantitatively. Synthesis: Current evidence indicates that free heme can act as a damage-associated molecular pattern and promote neutrophil activation through reactive oxygen species and peptidylarginine deiminase 4-dependent pathways, while also interacting with inflammasome and PANoptosome signaling, complement, endothelial activation and platelet–neutrophil interactions. NETs provide a procoagulant scaffold that promotes platelet activation, fibrin deposition and thrombus stabilization. Evidence is strongest in sickle cell disease, whereas heme-specific evidence in sepsis and other thrombo-inflammatory disorders remains more limited or emerging. Upstream heme detoxification and downstream NET-targeted strategies have strong mechanistic rationale but remain incompletely validated clinically. Conclusion: heme-driven NETosis represents a potentially druggable convergence point within the heme–neutrophil–platelet–endothelium axis. Biomarker-guided strategies integrating heme scavenging with selective NET modulation warrant prospective clinical evaluation.

Abstract: Continuous monitoring of surgeons' stress has the potential to improve surgical performance, training, and patient safety. However, developing reliable machine learning models for stress estimation is challenging because continuous psychological ground truth is impractical to obtain during surgery. Surrogate-label learning has emerged as a promising alternative, yet the physiological validity of the generated labels and the resulting model predictions remains largely unexplored. This study presents a multi-level physiological validation framework for evaluating personalized heart rate variability (HRV)-derived surrogate stress labels and corresponding deep learning models for continuous intraoperative stress estimation. The framework comprises two complementary validation levels. The first evaluates the physiological consistency of personalized clustering-derived surrogate labels against HRV-derived stress profiles using representative surgical cases, surgical workflow analysis, and correlation analysis. The second assesses the agreement between surrogate labels and convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) model predictions using prediction error metrics and Bland–Altman analysis across multiple temporal sequence lengths. Validation was performed using wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings collected from 27 colorectal surgical procedures performed by seven surgeons. The surrogate labels demonstrated strong agreement with the HRV-derived reference (Spearman's ρ = 0.841, p = 0.036), while both CNN and LSTM models accurately preserved the physiological stress patterns, exhibiting moderate-to-strong correlations, low prediction errors, and acceptable agreement across all evaluated sequence lengths. The proposed framework extends conventional model evaluation by emphasizing physiological consistency in addition to predictive performance and provides a systematic methodology for validating surrogate-label-based physiological monitoring systems when continuous psychological ground truth is unavailable.

Abstract: Species-level identification of mosquitoes within the Anopheles gambiae complex is essential for vector surveillance but remains challenging because several members are morphologically indistinguishable and share substantial genomic variation. Here, I evaluate varKoding, a genome-wide k-mer fingerprinting approach that classifies low-coverage sequencing data without genome assembly using 296 specimens representing seven species of the An. gambiae complex and two non-complex Anopheles species.Leave-one-out validation was performed across five sequencing data amounts (500K–10M bp) using varKode and conventional chaos game representation (CGR) images. varKode consistently outperformed CGR at every sequencing depth, with multi-class accuracy increasing from 95.27% at 500K bp to 98.65% at 10M bp. At 10M bp, six of nine taxa achieved 100% recall; An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii each achieved 97.5% recall, while An. stephensi achieved 95.0%. Reciprocal gambiae–coluzzii errors were concentrated among specimens from Tiassalé, Côte d'Ivoire, including a pre-2013 specimen whose species label cannot be independently verified. An independent Ag3 analysis using geographically held-out An. gambiae and An. coluzzii specimens confirmed strong discrimination of near-pure individuals but showed that relative class scores did not reliably resolve fine-scale genomic ancestry within populations. Confidence scores generally separated correct from incorrect predictions. Classification remained correct for all six evaluable species at up to 20% simulated contamination across four biologically relevant non-target DNA backgrounds.Overall, varKoding provides high-accuracy identification from low-coverage data across the represented members of the complex, including reliable identification of the important malaria vector An. arabiensis and the non-vector An. quadriannulatus. Difficult or unexpected specimens can be directed to orthogonal molecular or population-genomic confirmation, allowing the method to serve as a practical first-pass surveillance tool. Broader geographic validation of the full multi-species classifier and expanded reference representation would further support routine surveillance applications.

Abstract: Manganese-based lithium ion-sieves (LIS) are promising adsorbents for lithium extraction from salt lake brines. Their powder form, however, hinders industrial application because it disperses poorly, is difficult to recover, and causes excessive pressure drop in fixed-bed columns. Here we address this powder-forming challenge through porous spherical granulation, using solid paraffin as a mesoporous porogen. Co-doped precursors were prepared by hydrothermal-calcination. XPS showed that Co doping raised the Mn⁴⁺ ratio from 65.77% to 72.16%, which suppresses the Jahn-Teller effect. The optimal powder reached 33.36 mg/g in LiCl solution and retained 89.0% of this capacity after five cycles. For granulation, the powder was modified with octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) and granulated by suspension polymerization. The solid paraffin porogen created mesoporous channels that increased the BET surface area from 0.82 to 82.00 m2/g. The optimized granule reached 4.42 mg/g in LiCl solution and 1.56 mg/g in real salt lake brine, with separation factors of 357.0, 256.5, 225.4, and 41.87 for Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺, respectively. It kept 62% of its capacity after 20 cycles, and Mn dissolution stabilized at 0.18%. The combined doping and pore-engineering strategy offers a viable route to lithium extraction from salt lake brines.

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate whether a multifaceted educational intervention was associated with changes in healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, self-reported practices, and catheter-associated urinary tract infection incidence in medical wards. Methods: This before-and-after intervention study was conducted in three internal medicine wards of a tertiary general hospital between September 2023 and December 2025, including a pre-intervention period (September 2023–April 2025), an intervention period (May–June 2025), and a post-intervention period (July–December 2025). The intervention included face-to-face education, interactive discussions, printed materials, posters, and ward-based reminders on evidence-based urinary catheter care. Healthcare professionals completed an anonymous structured questionnaire before and after the intervention, while catheter-associated urinary tract infection surveillance was conducted prospectively. Pre- and post-intervention questionnaire data were analyzed as independent groups. Results: We obtained questionnaire responses from 85 healthcare workers before the intervention and 78 after the intervention. The median total knowledge score increased significantly from 21 (interquartile range [IQR], 19–22) to 23 (IQR, 22–25; P < 0.001). Selected self-reported practices also improved significantly, whereas attitudes and perceptions were generally favorable at baseline and did not change significantly. The overall CAUTI rate decreased from 3.79 to 1.94 episodes per 1,000 catheter-days. After adjustment for ward, the post-intervention period was associated with a significantly lower CAUTI incidence (incidence rate ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.28–0.90; P = 0.020). Conclusion: The educational intervention was associated with improved knowledge, selected improvements in self-reported catheter-care practices, and lower catheter-associated urinary tract infection incidence.

Abstract: Plant oxylipins are a diverse group of oxygenated fatty acid derivatives that function as important signaling molecules in plant responses to abiotic stress. Although jasmonates, particularly jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives, have been extensively studied, increasing evidence demonstrates that other oxylipin classes, including 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA), green leaf volatiles (GLVs), reactive electrophilic oxylipins (RES), and peroxygenase (PXG)-derived oxylipins, also contribute to stress adaptation. This review summarizes current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying oxylipin signal perception, transduction, and regulation, with particular emphasis on interactions with other plant hormone pathways, reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium (Ca²⁺), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. We further examine transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms that regulate oxylipin responses and discuss their integration across individual and combined abiotic stresses. Particular attention is given to experimentally established mechanisms while distinguishing emerging or unresolved signaling processes. Understanding these interconnected signaling mechanisms will be important for developing strategies to improve crop resilience under global climate change.

Abstract: Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of multifactorial diseases. Its uniqueness lies in the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides, which distinguishes it from apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis opens up new therapeutic prospects, but the dual role of this process – both as a factor of malignant cell death and a mediator of tissue damage – creates significant challenges for clinical application. The paper systematizes current ideas about the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis regulation, including iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense systems. Signaling pathways that modulate sensitivity to ferroptosis are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the dual role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of diseases: induction of ferroptosis is considered a promising strategy for overcoming the resistance of malignant neoplasms to chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy, while its inhibition is critical for protecting tissues from ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegeneration and inflammation. Key counterarguments are highlighted, in particular the pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of ferroptosis, which may contribute to tumor progression. Ferroptosis is a universal mechanism of cell death with powerful therapeutic potential, however, its clinical implementation requires a differentiated approach depending on the pathological context. Promising directions are the development of highly selective modulators, identification of specific biomarkers of ferroptosis in vivo and conducting well-designed clinical trials. In-depth study of molecular regulatory networks will allow translating fundamental knowledge into personalized treatment strategies for multifactorial diseases.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Cancer genomic testing presents unique communication and educational challenges for healthcare providers, requiring specialized training approaches. We developed and evaluated a communication skills training program specifically designed for cancer genomic testing based on the SHARE protocol to reduce psychological distress in both medical staff and patients. Methods: A mixed-methods evaluation was conducted of a structured training program implemented across 10 institutions in Yamagata Prefecture. The program incorporated SHARE protocol-based training, role-playing sessions, and specialized modules addressing cancer genomic testing-specific challenges. Quantitative assessment utilized pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, and qualitative evaluation employed semi-structured interviews analyzed using exploratory inductive analysis. Results: Among 251 participants, 95% initially reported psychological burden when explaining cancer genomic testing results. Post-intervention, 95% reported reduced psychological burden, with 84% expressing training satisfaction. Exploratory analyses suggested anxiety reduction was significantly greater in nurses than other professionals. Qualitative analysis of 19 interviews identified four conceptual categories: complex information needs requiring psychological support, uncertainty about communicating germline findings, perceived knowledge gaps in genomic counseling, and organizational support needs for sustained practice changes. Conclusions: This educational initiative demonstrated improvements in addressing critical communication challenges in cancer genomic medicine. The mixed-methods evaluation provides an educational framework for curriculum development and faculty training in genomic medicine communication.

Abstract: Symptomatic genu recurvatum is an uncommon sagittal-plane knee deformity associated with pathological hyperextension, pain, instability, gait disturbance, and functional limitation. Its heterogeneous causes and limited clinical evidence complicate treatment selection. This narrative review summarizes current concepts in biomechanics, etiologic classification, diagnostic evaluation, and management, with emphasis on posterior tibial slope (PTS) and slope-correcting proximal tibial osteotomy. Clinically relevant literature on genu recurvatum, sagittal knee alignment, osteotomy, and ligamentous instability was integrated with an illustrative previously reported case to provide a surgical technical blueprint. The available evidence supports an etiology-based approach. Reduced or reversed PTS is an important osseous contributor to pathological hyperextension, whereas soft-tissue, neuromuscular, and combined deformities require different strategies. In selected patients with osseous recurvatum and intact ligamentous restraints, anterior opening-wedge proximal tibial osteotomy can restore posterior slope and sagittal alignment. Critical technical steps include reproducible radiographic planning, fluoroscopically controlled K-wire placement, progressive posterior osteotomy completion, preservation of the posterior cortical hinge, gradual wedge opening, and stable fixation. An etiology-based diagnostic and treatment algorithm may facilitate individualized decision-making while avoiding unnecessary or incomplete procedures.