Heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has several potential benefits. Higher doses of chemotherapy can be used with HIPEC because the plasma-peritoneal barrier results in little absorption into the blood stream. HIPEC offers higher peritoneal penetration in comparison to an intravenous (IV) regimen and does not have the traditional normothermic intraperitoneal (IP) regimen limitation of post-operative adhesions. Hyperthermia itself has cytotoxic effects and can potentiate antineoplastic effects of chemotherapy in part by increasing the depth of tumor penetration by up to 3 mm. For the treatment of ovarian cancer, HIPEC has been evaluated in the recurrent setting with secondary cytoreduction. Recent studies, including a prospective trial, have evaluated its role in primary management of ovarian cancer. This review summarizes previous and ongoing studies regarding the use of HIPEC in the management of ovarian cancer.

Due to the numerous heat sources in electronic equipment, the periodic nature of stream-wise flow occurs in a cooling channel so often, necessitating the development of an effective technique to improve the heat-cooling convection in such a situation. This paper investigates thermal convection enhancement in a heated-block duct through the periodic boundary conditions using the element-by-element (EBE) treatment in a semi-implicit projection finite element method (FEM) through preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) solver. This paper used the time-mean Nusselt number ratio, friction factor, and thermal performance to study how installing rectangular cylinders in the channel works with periodic boundary conditions varying Reynolds numbers (100, 175, and 250). The outcomes show that the rectangular cylinders installed stream-wise above an upstream block promote thermal convection in the heated-block duct. However, increasing the number of rectangular cylinders can raise friction factor. As a result, the case for periodic boundary conditions with a rectangular cylinder above every two blocks has the best thermal performance.

The akimotoite--majorite--bridgmanite (Ak--Mj--Bm) triple point in MgSiO3 has been measured in large-volume press (LVP; COMPRES 8/3 assembly) and laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LHDAC). For the LVP data, we calculated pressures from the calibration by Leinenweber (2012). For the LHDAC data, we conducted \textit{in situ} determination of pressure at high temperature using the Pt scale by Dorogokupets and Dewaele (2007) at synchrotron. The measured temperatures of the triple point are in good agreement between LVP and LHDAC at 1990-2000 K. However, the pressure for the triple point determined from the LVP is 3.9+/-0.6~GPa lower than that from the LHDAC dataset. The triple point determined through these experiments will provide an important reference point in the pressure-temperature space for future high-pressure experiments and allow mineral physicists to compare the pressure--temperature conditions measured in these two different experimental methods.

In deaths and diseases attributed to tobacco smoke cardiovascular events exceed cancer and respiratory diseases. Second hand smoke (SHS) promotes the development of arteriosclerosis and can also trigger acute changes of endothelial function and of blood coagulability. Indoor smoking bans reduced coronary syndrome and myocardial infarction 10-20% within one year and were followed by sustainable decreases of stroke and diabetes. With a smoke-free hospitality industry people recognized tobacco smoke as an air pollutant, smoking in public was denormalized and social acceptance of smoking in front of children and pregnant women decreased also in homes and in cars. Combined effects with ambient air pollution are proven for active smoking and suspected for SHS. Contamination with third hand smoke (THS, “cold smoke”) persists for months in homes and cars, creating secondary pollutants that in some cases are more toxic (e.g., tobacco-specific nitrosamines). Remnants found in air, dust, and on surfaces (carpets, wallpapers, upholstery, soft toys) were associated with their metabolites in saliva and urine of children and with elevated levels of nicotine on hands and cotinine in urine of nonsmokers residing in homes previously occupied by smokers. In animal experiments effects of THS were found on thrombogenesis, insulin resistance through oxidative stress, on the developing immune system, lipid metabolism and alterations in liver, lung, skin and behavior. Much less is known about health effects for bystanders from the aerosols exhaled during “vaping” of e-cigarettes, but nicotine and other toxins from e-cigarettes are certainly a hazard, which should be prevented by the use of dermal and oral nicotine products, which are safer for nicotine replacement and without risk for bystanders.