Sequence analysis program is outlined that analyzes and investigates homology between various nucleic acid or protein sequence. The dot matrix technique compares the sequences and the consensus sequence is obtained by superimposing on each other all the dot matrices. Local Alignment and Global Alignment both sequence from start to end is the best possible alignment over the entire duration between the two sequences. This method is more important to align with two closely related sequences roughly the same length. This method may not able to generate optimal results for divergent sequences and variable length sequence because between the two sequences it does not recognize very similar local region.

Prolonged exercise induces acute renal injury; however, the precise mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the effects of neutrophil depletion in male C57BL/6J mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: sedentary with control antibody, sedentary with antineutrophil antibody, exhaustive exercise with control antibody, and exhaustive exercise with antineutrophil antibody. Antineutrophil (1A8) or control antibody was administered intraperitoneally to the mice prior to their running on a treadmill. Renal histology was assessed 24 h after exhaustive exercise, and the concentration of kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity and hydrogen peroxide concentration in the kidneys were measured. The pathologic changes were manifested as congested and swollen glomeruli, tubular dilatation, and nuclear infiltration after exhaustive exercise. These changes were suppressed by the administration of the 1A8 antibodies. KIM-1 concentration increased after exhaustive exercise but were reduced by the 1A8 antibodies. Treatment with the 1A8 antibody also decreased exhaustive exercise-induced inflammation and reactive oxygen species levels in the kidney. These results suggest that neutrophils contribute to exercise-induced acute renal injury by regulating inflammation and reactive oxygen species levels.

Acute intense exercise causes significant oxidative stress and consequently an increase in total antioxidant capacity; however, the mechanisms and combined effects of intense exercise and smoking on oxidative stress among active and non-active smokers are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute intense exercise on antioxidant enzyme activity responses in active and non-active individuals exposed to cigarette smoke. The study included 40 subjects who were equally classified as: smokers that did exercise (SE), smokers that did not do exercise (SnE), non-smokers that did exercise (NSE), and non-smokers that did not do exercise (NSnE). The adjusted Astrand test was used to exhaust the subjects. Salivary enzymes of peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured, by spectrophotometry methods, at 3 different time points: pre-test (TP1), post-test (TP2), and one hour after finishing the test (TP3). Significant (p<0.05) group x time interactions were found for the three enzymes. Salivary POX, CAT and SOD increased in all groups from TP1 to TP2 and decreased from TP2 to TP3. Only the NSE showed a significant difference between TP1 to TP3 in POX and SOD by +0.011 ± 0.007 and +0.075 ± 0.02 (U/ml), respectively. The NSE showed significantly higher levels of POX, CAT and SOD in TP2 compared to the other groups. Furthermore, NSE and NSnE had higher levels of POX, CAT and SOD in TP1 and TP3 (p<0.05) compared with SE and SnE. Only in the NSnE, were no differences observed in CAT compared with SE and SnE in TP3. These results showed that the antioxidant level at rest and in the recovery time after the acute intense exercise was lower in SE and SnE compared with NSE and NSnE, suggesting that smoking habit may reduce the ameliorating effect of regular physical activity on acute exercise-induced oxidative stress.

Election Algorithm (EA) is a powerful metaheuristics model motivated by phenomena of the socio-political mechanism of the presidential election conducted in many countries. EA is selected as a topic of discussion due to its capability and robustness to carry out complex problems in the random-2SAT logic program. This paper utilizes a hybridized EA assimilated with the Hopfield neural network (HNN) in carrying out random logic program (HNN-R2SATEA). The efficiency of the proposed method was compared with the existing traditional exhaustive search (HNN-R2SATES) model and the recently introduced HNN-R2SATICA model. From the result obtained, clearly proven that based on our proposed hybrid model outperformed other existing model based on the Global Minima Ratio (ZM), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Execution Time (ET). The expected outcome portrays that the EA algorithm outperformed the other two algorithms in doing random-kSAT logic program. The results proved the robustness, effectiveness, and compatibility of the HNN-R2SATEA model.

MPC (Magneto-Photonic Crystal) Optimisation is a feature-rich Windows software application designed to enable researchers to analyze the optical and magneto-optical spectral properties of multilayers containing gyrotropic constituents. A set of computational algorithms aimed at enabling the design optimization and optical or magneto-optical (MO) spectral analysis of 1D magnetic photonic crystals (MPC) is reported, together with its Windows software implementation. Relevant material property datasets (e.g., the optical spectra of refractive index, absorption, and gyration) of several important optical and MO materials are included, enabling easy reproduction of the previously published results from the field of MPC-based Faraday rotator development, and an effective demonstration-quality introduction of future users to the multiple features of this package. We also report on the methods and algorithms used to obtain the absorption coefficient spectral dispersion datasets for new materials, for which the film thickness, transmission spectrum, and refractive index dispersion function are known.