Currently, the number of lightning casualties and casualty rates have significantly reduced in developed countries, but there has been no significant reduction in developing countries. On the one hand, this is due to the high frequency of lightning; on the other hand, the vulnerability of people in developing countries is also an influencing factor. Through case analysis and summary, this paper expounds on lightning injury’s mechanism and clinical manifestations. It points out that lightning injury is mainly related to heart problems and the impact on the nervous system, rather than burns, which usually cause fewer consequences. Medical treatment needs to pay attention to the order and principles of treatment. Implementing CPR and auxiliary AED is the most effective way to save lives. Attention should be paid to the practical and effective treatment and nursing of lightning stroke sequelae. Finally, combined with the situation of lightning casualties in china, the existing problems are put forward during the process of early treatment, post-hospital treatment, and nursing observation, which provides an objective basis for the cognition of the scientific nature of the lightning injury.

Globally, there are 1.35 million road fatalities every year, which are estimated to cost governments approximately US$ 518 billion, making road fatalities the 8th leading cause of death across all age groups and the leading cause of death of children and young adults. In South Africa, despite tremendous governmental efforts to curb the soaring trajectory of road accidents, the annual number of road fatalities has increased by 26% in recent years. By fitting a structural equation model (SEM) and a GARCH Model (Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedastic-ity) to analyze and predict future trend of road accidents (number of road accidents, number of casualties, number of fatal crashes and number of persons killed) in South Africa, we propose and test a complex metamodel that integrates multiple causality relationships. We show an increasing trend of road accidents over time, a trend that is predictable by number of vehicles in the country, the population of the country and the total distance travelled by vehicles. We further show that death rate linked to road accidents is on average 23.14 deaths per 100,000 persons and is pre-dictable following the equation: y = -0.0114x2+1.2378x-2.2627 (R2=0.76) with y = death rate and x = year. Finally, in the next decade, the number of road accidents is predicted to be roughly constant at 617,253 accidents but can reach 1 896 667 accidents in the worst-case scenario. The number of casualties was also predicted to be roughly constant at 93 531 over time, although this number may reach 661 531 in the worst-case scenario. However, although the number of fatal crashes may decrease in the next decade, it is forecasted to reach 11 241 within the next 10 years with the worse scenario estimated at 19 034 within the same period. At the same time, the number of persons killed in fatal crashes is also predicted to be roughly constant at 14 739 but may also reach 172 784 in the worse scenario. Overall, the present study reveals perhaps the positive effects of government initiatives to curb road accidents and their consequences; we call for more stronger actions for a drastic reduction in road accident events in South Africa.

Technological advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and novel technological tools have transformed disaster management practices from localized approaches to a global framework. These innovations necessitate a unified understanding and application of diverse methodologies at an international level, ensuring they are accessible and operational across different sectors. This integration is crucial not only for technical personnel but also for medical teams, who play a pivotal role in disaster response and management. By fostering a comprehensive grasp of these methods, we can enhance coordination, efficiency, and effectiveness in addressing disasters on a global scale. The authors aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging techniques that are driving shifts in strategic approaches and treatment technologies. Recognized as a domain of continuous research and development, this overview, by necessity, remains an incomplete snapshot of an evolving field. It highlights the dynamic nature of technological and strategic advancements, underscoring the importance of ongoing investigation and innovation to stay abreast of current trends and future directions. The article also highlights the importance of international collaboration beyond societal and national boundaries A single paragraph of about 200 words maximum. For research articles, abstracts should give a pertinent overview of the work. We strongly encourage authors to use the following style of structured abstracts, but without headings: (1) Background: Place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study; (2) Methods: briefly describe the main methods or treatments applied; (3) Results: summarize the article’s main findings; (4) Conclusions: indicate the main conclusions or interpretations. The abstract should be an objective representation of the article and it must not contain results that are not presented and substantiated in the main text and should not exaggerate the main conclusions.