With the increasing demand for medicinal plants and the increasing shortage of resources, improving the quality and yield of medicinal plants and making more effective use of medicinal plants has become an urgent problem to be solved. In the process of growth and development of medicinal plants, due to the threat of various adversity, there are problems such as nutrient loss and yield decline. Using traditional chemical pesticides to control the stress resistance of plants will cause serious pollution to the environment and even endanger human health. Therefore, it is necessary to find suitable pesticide substitutes from natural ingredients. As an important part of the microecology of medicinal plants, endophytes can promote the growth of medicinal plants, improve the stress resistance of hosts, and promote the accumulation of active components of hosts. Because it has a more positive and direct impact on the host, and can metabolize rich medicinal ingredients, so researchers pay attention to it. This paper reviews the research in recent five years, aiming to provide ideas for improving the quality of medicinal plants, developing more microbial resources, exploring more medicinal natural products, and providing help for the development of the research on medicinal plants and endophytes.

Abstract：Objective: To compare the effects of fermentation on the chemical composition of Gastrodia Tuder Halimasch Powder, and to provide a basis for the processing, processing and clinical application of this medicinal material. Methods: UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used to identify compound structure by comparing excimer ions, characteristic fragment ions and reference substances, and referring to relevant literature and database search. The main differential components were screened by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and the differential components were quantitatively studied by high performance liquid chromatography, and the differences in the types and contents of chemical components before and after fermentation were compared. Results: A total of 77 compounds were identified or preliminarily derived after fermentation, including 21 terpenes, 18 organic acids, 9 flavonoids, 7 nucleosides, 6 amides, 4 amino acids, 2 pyrrolidone derivatives, 2 sterols, 2 alkaloids and 6 others.Through high performance liquid chromatography, it was found that the content of daidzein genistein and ergosterol was significantly increased after fermentation, and a new component ergosterol was produced. Compared with Gastrodia Tuder Halimasch Powder before fermentation, the content of genistin and other components was significantly reduced, and there may be a process of genistin conversion to genistein.Conclusion: The fermentation process will have a certain influence on the types and contents of the chemical components of Gastrodia Tuder Halimasch Powder, and ergosterol, genistein and .daidzein may be the main pharmacodynamic components, which can provide a useful reference for the clinical rational application, quality control and mechanism of action of Gastrodia Tuder Halimasch Powder.

Under the pressure of fluoroquinolones, Pasteurella multocida (PM) can easily develop resistance to fluoroquinolones mediated by QRDR target mutation. It is imperative to find new drug resistance inhibitor targets to combat the rapid development of drug resistance. In order to overcome these problems, we sequenced the transcriptome of PM with different levels of resistance to ENR(0.03 μg/mL; 8 μg/mL; 32μg/Ml, Enrofloxacin). The results showed that with the increase of resistance to fluoroquinolones, the expression of satP gene was significantly up-regulated. The satP gene deletion strain and replenishment strain were constructed, and their drug resistance and tolerance were determined. The results showed that the deletion of satP gene did not affect the resistance of PM to fluoroquinolones, rather affected the time when PM developed resistance to fluoroquinolones. After 10 generations of drug induction, the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of fluoroquinolones for wild strain was 64 μg/mL, while the MIC for satP gene deletion strain was only 8 μg/mL. The MDK99 test (time to kill 99% bacteria),agar diffusion test and mutation frequency test showed that the tolerance of satP gene deletion strain was significantly lower than that of wild strain. At the same time, the virulence of gene deletion strain and wild strain was tested, and about 400 times decreased virulence was observed for satP gene deletion strain. The mouse infection model confirmed that mice infected with satP gene deletion strains were more likely to be treated with ENR than mice infected with wild-type bovine PM strains. The results show that satP has potential to be a target of fluoroquinolone resistance inhibitors.

Deep-learning-based convection schemes receive wide attention due to its impressive im-provement on precipitation distribution and tropical convections of earth system simulation. But they cannot represent the stochasticity of moist physics, which will degrade the simulation of large-scale circulations, climate mean, and variability. To solve this problem, a stochastic pa-rameterization scheme based on probabilistic diffusion model named DIFF-MP is developed. The cloud-resolving data from GRIST model is coarse-grained into resolved-scale variables and sub-grid contributions due to moist physics to form the training data. DIFF-MP’s performance is compared against generative adversarial network and variational autoencoder. Results show that DIFF-MP is consistently better than the other two models on prediction error, coverage ratio, and spread-skill correlation. The standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis of subgrid contributions generated by DIFF-MP is also closer to the testing data than the others. Interpretability experiment shows that DIFF-MP’s parameterization of moist physics is physically reasonable.