To determine the impacts of metabolizable energy levels on the performance indices of geese and to forecast the ideal range of dietary metabolizable energy levels, this study was carried out. Literature on the effects of dietary metabolized energy level on the performance of geese was searched from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2022. A dose-response meta-analysis was performed by STATA (14.0), data were calculated by the robust error meta-regression model (REMR), and nonlinear dose-effect curves were plotted by the restricted cubic spline method (RCS). 29 papers were chosen from the 1,475 literatures that fit the criteria and were included in the dose-response meta-analysis. There were 6,079 geese included in the sample. The following production performance indices included average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed-to-gain ratio (F/G), dressed percentage, percentage of half-eviscerated yield, percentage of eviscerated yield, percentage of breast muscle, percentage of leg muscle and percentage of abdominal fat. The Egger test assessed publication bias, while sensitivity analysis was used to examine the heterogeneity. The verified results are consistent and reliable. The results indicated that for each group, the optimal dietary metabolizable energy level was about 13 to 13.5MJ/kg for medium-sized geese aged 0 to 4 weeks, 12 to 13MJ/kg for medium-sized geese aged above 5 weeks, 12.5 to 13MJ/kg for small-sized geese aged 0 to 4 weeks, and 13 to 13.5MJ/kg for mall-sized geese over 5 weeks of age. Future research should be conducted on related diets of large-sized geese, small-sized geese, and higher metabolizable energy levels.

Crystalline phase engineering is a prominent strategy for synergistically optimizing the sur-face-body phases of a catalyst. In this work, TiO2 nanosheets assembled into nanotubes (TNSTs) with two-phases of anatase and rutile were firstly synthesized via crystal engineering by simple thermal annealing, and subsequently loaded with Ru nanoparticles to create efficient benzene hydrogenation catalyst Ru/TNSTs. The well- designed nanosheet-tubes structure boasts large specific surface area and excellent transmission channels, which effectively prevents the ag-glomeration and deactivation of loaded Ru nanoparticles, as well as promotes the internal diffu-sion in the reaction process of benzene hydrogenation to cyclohexene. Furthermore, titanium dioxide nanosheet-tubes contain numerous Ti3+ defects, which not only improves the overall generation rate of cyclohexene, but also enhances the suppression of cyclohexene adsorption. Most importantly, the two-phases of titanium dioxide increases the ratio of the electron defi-ciencies of Ru and promotes cyclohexene desorption. These synergistic properties enhance the selectivity and efficiency of the Ru/TNSTs catalysts, resulting in excellent performance in the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene. Especially the Ru/TNSTs-4 catalyst achieves a 95% in-itial selectivity and 51% yield of cyclohexene in the reaction, outperforming most supported Ru-based catalysts. This work may provide new perspectives for designing efficient benzene hydrogenation catalysts via crystalline phase engineering.

Vaccination has proven highly effective against severe acute res-piratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the long-term immunogenicity and the functional preserved im-mune responses of vaccines are needed to inform evolving evi-dence-based guidelines for boosting schedules. We enrolled 205 healthcare workers into a cohort study; all had received three doses of BBIBP-CorV (China Sinopharm Bio-Beijing Company) inactivated vaccine. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 specific binding antibodies, neutralizing antibody, and peripheral T and B cell responses. We demonstrated that more robust antibody re-sponses to SARS-CoV-2 were elicited by booster immunization compared to primary vaccination. Neutralizing antibody titers to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant were also efficiently elevated post homologous vaccine booster despite in a lower titer compared to the prototype stain. In addition to S specific humoral and cellular immunity, BBIBP-CorV also induced N-specific antibody and ef-fector T cell responses. The third-dose vaccination led to further expansion of critical polyfunctional T cell responses, likely an essential element for vaccine protection. In particular, a func-tional role for Tfh cell subsets in immunity was suggested by the correlation between both CD4+Tfh and CD8+Tfh with total anti-body, IgG, B cell responses and neutralizing antibodies. Our study details the humoral and cellular responses generated by the BBIBP-CorV booster vaccination in a seven-month follow up study. There is a clear immunologic boosting value of homolo-gous inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine boosters, a consideration for future vaccine strategies.