To determine the fracture rate of ceramic crowns and causes of ceramic crown failure, this study used keywords—namely “endocrown,” “veneered fixed dental prosthesis,” “monolithic lithium disilicate (LS2),” and “all-ceramic single crown”—to search for articles published in English from 2005 to 2023 in the PubMed electronic database. Rather than using the Boolean logic algorithm between MESH terms and keywords, we accurately calculated the numbers of final clinically tracked cases with crown fractures from the contents of articles. The titles and abstracts of many related articles focused on implant or abutment fracture, while crown fracture was investigated and mentioned only in the main texts of the articles. Our studies included those crowns as well as having more complete data collection. Our search yielded 228, 93, 404, and 358 articles for the keywords “endocrown,” “veneered fixed dental prosthesis,” “monolithic lithium disilicate (LS2),” and “all-ceramic single crown,” respectively. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) to assess article quality, and our inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cohort study articles involving more than 3 years of follow-up and more than 20 cases. After reviewing, 16 high-quality articles were selected for analysis. The 4.4% crown fracture rate recommended on the basis of most clinical results was achieved in only 6 of the 16 articles. In these 6 articles, the researchers concluded the following reasons that may cause the crown fractures: the thickness of the veneer ceramic material; the connector dimensions; pontic span of the fixed prosthesis; the type of cement; the treatment of the ceramic surface before luting. Other articles inferred that the computer-aided design libraries that were insufficient for the creation of appropriate anatomically supported frameworks for prostheses with ceramic veneers; the thermal expansion coefficient and fracture toughness of the framework material did not match those of the veneer ceramic, resulting in an insufficient area supporting the ceramic veneer then leads to premature crown failure after a long period chewing. The future prospective for material developing could focus on solving those problems and have better clinical results.

Taxanes, particularly docetaxel (DTX), has been widely used for combination therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). For locally advanced unresectable HNSCC, DTX combined with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil as a revolutionary treatment revealed an advantage in improvement of patient outcome. In addition. DTX plus immune check inhibitors (ICIs) showed low toxicity and increased response of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC (R/M HNSCC). Accumulating data indicate that taxanes not only function as antimitotics but also impair diverse oncogenic signalings including angiogenesis, inflammatory response, ROS production, and apoptosis induction. However, despite an initial response, development of resistance remains a major obstacle to treatment response. Taxane resistance could result from intrinsic mechanisms such as enhanced DNA/RNA damage repair, increased drug efflux, and apoptosis inhibition, and extrinsic effects such as angiogenesis and interactions between tumor cells and immune cells. This review provides an overview of taxanes therapy applied in different stages of HNSCC and describe the mechanisms of taxane resistance in HNSCC. Through a detailed understanding the mechanisms of resistance may help developing the potential therapeutic methods and the effective combination strategies to overcome drug resistance.

Hydroa vacciniforme (HV) is a rare form of photosensitivity disorders in children and is frequently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, whereas HV-like lymphoproliferative disorders (HVLPD) describe a spectrum of EBV-associated T-cell or NK-cell lymphoproliferations with HV-like cutaneous manifestations, including EBV-positive HV, atypical HV, and HV-like lymphoma. Classic HV occurs in childhood with vesiculopapules on sun-exposed areas, which is usually induced by sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation, and mostly resolves by early adult life. Unlike classic HV, atypical or severe HV manifests itself as recurrent papulovesicular eruptions in sun-exposed and sun-protected areas associated occasionally with facial edema, fever, lymphadenopathy, oculomucosal lesions, gastrointestinal involvement, and hepatosplenomegaly. Notably, atypical or severe HV may progress to EBV-associated systemic T-cell or natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma after a chronic course. Although rare in the United States and Europe, atypical or severe HV and HV-like lymphoma are predominantly reported in children from Asia and Latin America with high EBV DNA levels, low numbers of NK cells, and T cell clones in the blood. In comparison with the conservative treatment used for patients with classic HV, systemic therapy such as immunomodulatory therapy is recommended as the first-line therapy for patients with atypical or severe HV. This review aims to provide an integrated, overview of current evidence and knowledge of HV and HVLPD to elucidate the pathophysiology, practical issues, environmental factors, and the impact of EBV infection.

This paper discusses the computer-aided (CAD) classification between Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), i.e., the most common type of liver cancer, and Liver Abscess, based on ultrasound image texture features and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Among 79 cases of liver diseases, with 44 cases of HCC and 35 cases of liver abscess, this research extracts 96 features of Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Gray-Level Run-Length Matrix (GLRLM) from the region of interests (ROIs) in ultrasound images. Three feature selection models, i) Sequential Forward Selection, ii) Sequential Backward Selection, and iii) F-score, are adopted to determine the identification of these liver diseases. Finally, the developed system can classify HCC and liver abscess by SVM with the accuracy of 88.875%. The proposed methods can provide diagnostic assistance while distinguishing two kinds of liver diseases by using a CAD system.