Nano surface finishing can be achieved from the recently developed electrophoretic deposition-assisted polishing (EPDAP) process. This state-of-art work presents a comparison of the effect of surface roughness and material removal rate on the grit size, axial load, rotational speed, polishing time, etc. for SS304, SS316L and alumina ceramics. The EPDAP process can assess the surface's characteristics' quantity, and quality on different materials which have been tried on SS316L, SS304, inner bore of SS304, and Al2O3 in our laboratory. Uniform dispersion of homogeneous micro-sized abrasive grains was accomplished by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to create the polishing tool employed in this process. Polishing time, axial loading, grit size, and speed of rotation of the polishing tool was selected as the control parameters. The polishing tool undergoes erosion of blunt-edged-abrasive grains due to abrasion during the EPDAP process. Therefore, the polishing tool was continuously revitalized by adding fresh abrasives. The analysis of the experiments is conducted using ANOVA and the evolutionary algorithm teaching-learning method. EPDAP process revealed improved surface reflection as well as improvement in surface finish. Thus, optimization of the polishing parameters was conducted for the experiments. The surface roughness achieved from the experiments is 0.04557 microns for SS316L, 0.038 microns for SS304, and 0.404 microns for Al2O3. Therefore, 93.92%, 97.64 %, and 73.75 % of improvement in the surface finish were achieved in SS316L, SS304, and Al2O3, respectively.

Controlling the ratio of capacitance and power of supercapacitors by changing the composition of the electrodes will allow to create optimal power systems for specific applications. For the formation of such electrodes, a method is required that combines the possibilities of creating a multicomponent composite with a high degree of uniformity of composition and morphology over the layer thickness. An example of such a method can be the eco-friendly method of electrophoretic deposition used in this work, which makes it possible to locally deposit a composite material from multicomponent suspensions at room temperature. We present an approach related to electrophoretic deposition from a suspension of composite material SuperC-RuO 2 , in which the ratio of the components can be changed to vary the proportion of electrochemical and electrical double layer storage. Nanocarbon, which has a large surface area, and ruthenium oxide with a significant electrochemical capacity, in combination, will allow combining high power and capacity in one device, and their ratio will determine the proportion of electrochemical and electrical double layer storage. In this work, approaches are investigated and recommendations are given for increasing the stability of suspensions, the effect of the composition of the suspension on the composition of composite electrodes and their capacitive and power characteristics is determined.

In this study, silver-strontium doped hydroxyapatite (AgSr-HA)/chitosan composite coatings were deposited on stainless steel (SS) substrate via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. The EPD parameters such as the concentration of Ag Sr-HA particles in the suspension, applied voltage and deposition time were optimized on by the Taguchi Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. DOE approach elucidated that the “best” coating was obtained at; the deposition voltage of 20V, deposition time of 7 minutes, and at 5 g/L of Ag Sr-HA particles in the suspension. The optimum coatings were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. SEM images confirmed the deposition of chitosan/Ag Sr-HA on the SS substrate. The wettability studies indicated the hydrophilic nature of the chitosan/Ag Sr-HA coatings, which confirmed the suitability of the developed coatings for orthopedic applications. The average surface roughness of the chitosan/Ag Sr-HA coatings was in a suitable range for the attachment of bone marrow stromal cells. Chitosan/Ag Sr-HA coatings showed a potent antibacterial effect against the Gram-Positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

The laser sintering process and modification of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) YSZ coatings on YSZ air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were investigated. Ni-based superalloy was plasma sprayed using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) to perform thermal barrier coating with 400 μm thickness. The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was used for depositing nanopowder of YSZ on the surface of YSZ TBCs. In this study, a technology of direct sintering the green EPD layer by laser beam was carried out. The best conditions of deposition YSZ overlay coating using DC current were obtained with applied voltage 40 V, deposition time 5 min, and suspension concentration 10 g/l. Iodine was added to the solutions as the stabilizing agent. To overcome the disadvantages of high sintering temperatures, laser sintering was taken as a new approach. Microstructures for all specimens were studied using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) with EDS analysis. Surface roughness was investigated using AFM analysis and central line average (CLA). The results indicated that the morphology after the direct laser sintering of the EPD layer has a fine and controllable grain size, high hardness, and low roughness. Which is better than the direct laser on plasma-sprayed coatings.

To enhance the corrosion resistance of molybdenum metal in molten zinc, this study successfully fabricated TiB2 coatings on molybdenum substrates using the molten salt electrophoretic deposition technique and investigated their corrosion resistance in molten zinc. Initially, TiB2 nanoparticles with a size ranging from 50 to 150 nm were synthesized using the borothermal reduction method in NaF-AlF3 molten salts at 1238 K. Subsequently, electrophoretic deposition experiment was conducted by applying a cell voltage of 1.2 V (corresponding to an electric field of 0.6V/cm) for 1 h in the molten salts containing TiB2 nanoparticles, resulting in a uniform, continuous, and dense TiB2 coating with a thickness of 35 μm on the molybdenum substrate. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of the TiB2 coated molybdenum metal to molten zinc was tested through continuous immersion. After 120 h of immersion, the TiB2 coating showed no signs of cracking or peeling off, successfully protecting the molybdenum metal substrate from corrosion by molten zinc. The results confirm that the molten salt electrophoretic deposition technique can be used to prepare TiB2 coatings with good resistance to molten zinc corrosion on molybdenum metal.

In this work, the possibility of fabrication magneto-optical ceramics by vacuum sintering of compacts prepared by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) from suspensions of (Ho0.95La0.05)2O3 (HoLa) nanopowders made by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and (Y0.9La0.1)2O3 (YLa) nanopowders made by laser synthesis was systematically investigated. The processes of the formation of bulk one- and two-layer compacts by the EPD method from non-aqueous suspensions of nanopowders was studied. The use of acetylacetone and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) was shown to make it possible to obtain stable alcohol suspensions of the nanopowders characterized by high zeta potential values (+29…+80 mV) and to carry out a stable EPD process. One-layer compacts were made from the YLa and HoLa nanopowders with a density of 30–43%. It was found out that the introduction of PVB into the suspension leads to a decrease in the mass and thickness of the green bodies deposited, but does not significantly affect their density. A possibility to make two-layers (YLa/HoLa) compacts with a thickness of up to 2.6 mm and a density of up to 46% was demonstrated. Sintering such compacts in a vacuum at a temperature of 1750°C for 10 hours leads to the formation of ceramics with a homogeneous boundary between the YLa/HoLa layers and thickness of the interdiffused ions layer of about 30 μm.

This paper seeks to examine how the Mn-Co spinel interconnect coating microstructure can in-fluence the Cr contamination in an oxygen electrode of intermediate temperature Solid Oxide Cells at the operating temperature of 750 °C. A Mn-Co spinel coating is processed on Crofer 22 APU substrates by electrophoretic deposition and subsequently sintered following both the one-step and two-step sintering, in order to obtain significantly different densification levels. The electrochemical characterization is performed on anode supported cells with a LSCF cathode. The cells were aged prior to the electrochemical characterization in contact with the spinel coated Crofer 22 APU at 750 °C for 250 hours. Current-voltage and impedance spectra of the cells were measured after the exposure with the interconnect. Post-mortem analysis of the interconnect and the cell was carried out in order to assess the Cr retention capability of coatings with different microstructures.

In this study the formation of thin-film barrier coatings based on a highly-conducting Bi1.60Er0.4O3 (EDB) solid electrolyte on supporting Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) electrolyte substrates is implemented for the first time using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Electrokinetic properties of EDB-based suspensions in a non-aqueous dispersion medium of isopropanol modified with small additions of polyethyleneimine (PEI, 0.26 g/L) and acetylacetone (0.15 g/L), as well as in a mixed isopropanol/acetylacetone (70/30 vol.%) medium are studied. The dependences of the thickness of EDB coatings on voltage and deposition time are obtained using deposition on a model Ni-foil electrode. Preliminary synthesis of a conductive polypyrrole (PPy) polymer film is used to create surface conductivity of non-conductive SDC substrates. The efficiency of using a modified dispersion medium based on isopropanol to obtain a continuous EDB coating 12 μm thick, sintered at a temperature of 850 °C for 5 h, is shown. The microstructure and morphology of the surface of the EDB coating are studied. Pt/SDC/EDB/Pt cell is used to characterize the coating conductivity. The EPD method is shown to be promising for the formation of barrier coatings based on doped bismuth oxide. The developed method can be used for creating cathode barrier layers in SOFC technology.

Implants are used to replace damaged biological structures in human body. Although stain-less-steel (SS) is a well-known implant material, corrosion of SS implants led to the release toxic metallic ions which produce harmful effects in human body. To prevent material degradation and its harmful repercussions, these implanted materials are subjected to biocompatible coatings. Polymeric coatings play a vital role in enhancing the mechanical and biological integrity of the implanted devices. Zein is a natural protein extracted from corn and is known to have good bio-compatibility and biodegradability. In this study, Zein/Ag-Sr doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Ag-Sr MBGNs) were deposited on SS substrates via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) at different parameters. Ag and Sr ions were added to impart antibacterial and osteogenic properties to the coatings, respectively. In order to examine the surface morphology of coatings, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. To analyze me-chanical strength, pencil scratch test, bend test, corrosion and wear tests were conducted on ze-in/Ag-Sr doped MBGNs coatings. The results show good adhesion strength, wettability, corro-sion, and wear resistance for zein/Ag-Sr doped MBGNs coatings as compared to bare SS sub-strate. Thus, good mechanical and biological properties were observed for zein/Ag-Sr doped MBGNs coatings. Results suggested these zein/Ag-Sr MBGNs coatings have great potential in bone regeneration applications.

In this study electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique is used to prepare chitosan-based coatings with enhanced antibacterial activity suitable for bone implants applications. We designed, prepared and compared physic-chemical and biological properties of coatings obtained with commercial chitosan, chitosan enriched with silver nanoparticles and chitosan obtained from insects. With the aim to consider the sustainability issue, silver nanoparticles were directly prepared in the chitosan solution by laser ablation in liquid technique, avoiding the use of chemicals and limiting the production of wastes. Moreover, a sustainable source of chitosan such as Hermetia Illucens exuviae was considered. The EPD process was optimized by adjusting parameters like voltage and deposition time to achieve ideal coating thickness and adhesion. The prepared films were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as SEM, XRD, and FTIR. Antimicrobial tests against E. coli and S. aureus revealed that silver nanoparticles enhanced the antibacterial properties of the polymer, whereas biological evaluation using the WST8 test on MG63 human osteoblasts-like cells showed that all coatings are non-toxic. Finally, chitosan obtained from insect showed comparable properties with respect to the commercial polymer, suggesting it could replace seafood-derived chitosan in biomedical applications, whereas the Ag@chitosan composite demonstrated superior antibacterial activity without compromising its biocompatibility.

Organic electrophoretic coatings have gained significant attention due to their ability to provide a uniform and controlled coating thickness, high coating adhesion, and excellent corrosion protection properties. In this work, to investigate the aging behaviors of an organic electrophoretic coating for magnesium alloys, water absorption kinetics curves of the coatings after immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl at 20℃ and 40℃ were measured, and parameters such as the saturated water absorption and saturation time of the free film coatings were fitted to determine the densification evolution of the organic coatings. A tensile test was used to test the tensile strength of the organic coating during service to determine the evolution of the strength and toughness of the organic coating. The evolution of wet adhesion of organic coatings with service time was tested by ASTM D4541-02. The impedance spectra of the organic coatings under the above conditions were detected by EIS, and finally, the failure behavior of the organic coatings under immersion was analyzed.

In recent years, natural polymers have replaced synthetic polymers for antibacterial orthopedic applications owing to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Zein is a biopolymer found in corn. The lacking mechanical stability of zein is overcome by incorporating bioceramics e.g. mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs). In present study, pure zein and zein/Zn-Mn MBGNs composite coatings were deposited via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on 316L stainless steel (SS). Zn and Mn were co-doped in MBGNs in order to make use of their antibacterial and osteogenic potential, respectively. A Taguchi design of experiment (DoE) study was established to evaluate the effect of various working parameters on the morphology of the coatings. It was observed that coatings deposited at 20 V for 5 min with 4 g/L concentration (conc.) of Zn-Mn MBGNs showed highest deposition yield. Uniform coatings with highly dispersed MBGNs were obtained adopting these optimized parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of zein/Zn-Mn MBGNs composite coating. Surface properties i.e. coating roughness and wettability analysis concluded that composite coatings were appropriate for cell attachment and proliferation. For adhesion strength various techniques including tape test, bend test, pencil hardness test, and tensile test were performed. Wear and corrosion analysis highlighted the mechanical and chemical stability of coatings. Colony forming unit (CFU) test showed that zein/Zn-Mn MBGNs composite coating was highly effective against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) due to the presence of Zn. The formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) like structure upon immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) validated the in vitro bioactivity of the coating. It was concluded that zein/Zn-Mn MBGNs coating synthesized in this work can be used for bioactive and antibacterial orthopedic applications.

The preparation of immobilized graphene–based photocatalyst layers is highly desired for environmental applications. In this study, the preparation of an immobilized reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/TiO₂ composite by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was optimized. It enabled quantitative deposition without sintering and without the use of any dispersive additive. The presence of rGO had beneficial effects on the photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol in an aqueous solution. A marked increase in the photocatalytic degradation rate was observed, even at very low concentrations of rGO. Compared with the TiO₂ and GO/TiO₂ reference layers, use of the rGO/TiO₂ composite (0.5 wt% of rGO) increased the first-order reaction rate constant by about 70%. This enhanced performance was due to the increased formation of hydroxyl radicals that attacked the 4-chlorophenol molecules. The direct charge transfer mechanism had only limited effect on the degradation. Thus, EPD-prepared rGO/TiO₂ layers appear to be suitable for environmental application.