The Energy Transition in Icelandic Ports: A Review

The accelerating impacts of climate change and rising global energy demand underscore the importance of transitioning toward sustainable energy solutions. Acknowledging the crucial role of the maritime sector in global trade, its transition to sustainable energy can substantially support climate policy objectives.In this context, Iceland not only relies heavily on maritime activities but also has a unique position in renewable energy. Therefore, this study presents an exploratory policy assessment of the energy transition in Icelandic ports, based on desk research, secondary data analysis, systems thinking, and SWOT analysis.Global decarbonization policies and energy transition initiatives are reviewed. The key opportunities and vulnerabilities facing Icelandic ports with respect to the energy transition are identified.The results indicate that Icelandic ports are well-positioned to offer sustainable energy solutions, contributing to the maritime sector's green future. This is more evident in bigger Icelandic ports, which benefit from established infrastructure and sufficient marine traffic. At these ports, supply of both shore power and e‑fuels can be effectively accommodated. In contrast, smaller ports with limited marine traffic may prioritize shore power deployment as an initial step in their energy transition.The results provide a structured overview of energy-transition readiness in Icelandic ports and may support future planning and policy development.