Symmetry Breaking and Frustrated Magnetism in Slag-Derived Lithium Borate Glasses

This study analyzes the structural and magnetic properties of a new composite material with a lithium borate glass matrix loaded with electric arc furnace slag, with a composition of 50Li₂O- 50B₂O₃- 80 wt.% Slag. The amorphous nature of the obtained glass is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicates that the material has an extremely high thermal stability as evidenced by its high glass transition temperature which is due to the reinforcing role of the slag metallic oxides. Additionally, magnetic studies reveal a highly frustrated magnetic state in the disordered system. The significant addition of mixed-valence iron ions (Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺) in the slag forms antiferromagnetic interactions in the system. These factors result in the stabilization of the spin-glass state. The incorporation of slag within the lithium borate matrix is a promising route to valorize this industrial by-product and to develop new functional materials.