Metal-Organic Framework Materials for Hydrogen Storage Applications

Hydrogen energy is considered to be an ideal energy source for the 21st century due to its clean and renewable nature. However, the large-scale application of hydrogen has been hindered by challenges in storage and transportation. Therefore, the development of safe and cost-effective hydrogen storage materials remains a key focus of current research. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel class of porous materials that can be customized to have different pore sizes. They also feature an ultrahigh surface area, impressive porosity, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. Because of these qualities, MOFs show great promise for hydrogen storage applications. This article provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in hydrogen storage research within MOFs, and examines the factors governing hydrogen storage performance, with particular attention to factors such as metal ion selection, pore architecture, ligand functionalization, and temperature effects. In addition, the article points out the main challenges faced by MOFs in hydrogen storage applications, including high synthesis costs, challenges in large-scale production, and limited structural stability. Finally, it looks ahead to the prospects of MOFs as hydrogen storage materials under mild conditions.