Effects of Age, Sex, and Coat Color on Hair Cortisol and DHEA as Stress Indicators in Sheltered and Adopted Cats

This study investigates the impact of age, sex, and coat color on hair cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels as chronic stress indicators in sheltered and adopted domestic cats (Felis catus). A total of 21 cats, comprising both males and females, were enrolled and categorized into six groups based on age (2 vs. 3 years; n = 12), sex (female vs. male; n = 15), and coat color (light vs. dark; n = 9). Hair samples were collected from the shoulder region at shelter entry (Initial Hair Sample; IHS), 8 weeks later while in the shelter (Post-Sheltered Hair Sample; PHS), and 8 weeks after adoption (Post-Adopted Hair Sample; PAHS). Statistical analysis was performed using the GLM procedure of SAS software. Results revealed no significant differences in hair cortisol and DHEA levels or their ratio based on age or sex. However, cats with dark coat colors exhibited significantly higher cortisol and DHEA levels compared to light-coated cats (p < 0.05). Sheltered cats demonstrated elevated hair cortisol and DHEA concentrations over the two-month shelter period, while adopted cats showed significantly reduced levels by the end of the study period. These findings confirm that coat color and living environment (sheltered vs. adopted) are principal determinants of hair cortisol and DHEA levels in cats, whereas age and sex do not appear to play significant roles. Adoption is associated with reduced long-term stress, highlighting its pivotal role in improving feline welfare.