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A Possible Connection Between Gaia DR3 Kinematics and JWST Early Massive Systems in the Context of Central-Driven Inside-Out Growth

Submitted:

18 May 2026

Posted:

20 May 2026

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Abstract
We investigate a possible connection between early central activity in galaxies and present-day large-scale stellar kinematics. Recent observations from the James Webb Space Telescope have revealed both a population of apparently massive galaxies at high redshift and compact luminous sources (“little red dots”, LRDs), challenging standard hierarchical formation scenarios. While the former suggest rapid early mass assembly, the latter are commonly interpreted as systems dominated by intense nuclear activity. At the same time, analysis of Gaia DR3 data reveals non-zero Galactocentric radial velocity components in the Milky Way, indicating large-scale non-equilibrium motions. We develop a phenomenological framework linking AGN-driven outflows, star formation, and stellar kinematics, in which stars form in dense clumps within multiphase outflows and inherit a small fraction of the outward velocity. Using characteristic values vout∼103kms−1 and vR∼1–10kms−1, we derive a coupling factor f∼10−3–10−2, consistent with Gaia DR3 observations. The model predicts star formation rates of 1–100Myr−1 and growth timescales of 107–109yr, consistent with JWST constraints. Within this framework, LRDs may represent an early phase of centrally driven evolution, while present-day radial motions may reflect a long-term kinematic imprint of similar processes.
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