Sectoral Impacts of El Niño and Climate Change on India's Industrial Economy: A Case Study on Sustainable Economic Resilience

This study examines the implications of El Niño on the Indian industrial economy in the context of climate change, with a focus on sectoral risks, economic disruptions, and emerging growth opportunities. The study adopts a qualitative and analytical approach using historical El Niño trends, secondary economic data, sectoral performance analysis, and climate-related industrial indicators to evaluate the impact on major industries in India. The findings indicate that El Niño negatively affects agriculture, commodity supply chains, and food inflation due to weak monsoon conditions and rising temperatures. However, industries related to cooling appliances, irrigation and water technologies, renewable energy backup systems, healthcare, and consumer durables show strong growth potential during El Niño years. Climate change is further accelerating the demand for climate-resilient infrastructure and adaptive industrial strategies. This study provides an integrated perspective linking climate phenomena with industrial economics in India. It highlights how El Niño acts not only as an environmental risk but also as a catalyst for industrial transformation, investment opportunities, and climate-resilient economic development.