Benefits and Drawbacks of Blockchain Technology for Traceability in the Coffee Supply Chain

This study examines the perspectives of coffee industry stakeholders on blockchain traceability systems in Colombia and Switzerland. Adopting the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as an interpretive framework, the study analyzes these perceptions through the constructs of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, we survey 360 participants, comprising 60 coffee supply chain companies and 300 consumers. Results reveal that 78.3% of stakeholders consider traceability essential, yet only 46.7% are familiar with blockchain. Stakeholders identify three primary benefits: improved transparency (91.7%), fraud prevention (88.3%), and enhanced security (86.7%). However, significant barriers persist: high implementation costs (95%), limited expertise (91.7%), and lack of awareness (93.3%). Geographic differences emerge: Colombian stakeholders prioritize cost reduction and fraud prevention, while Swiss participants focus on data management and privacy protection. Among consumers, 62.7% express interest in provenance information, 56.7% indicate willingness to pay for blockchain systems, and 59% show interest in tipping farmers. The study classifies benefits and drawbacks across nine dimensions, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding the multidimensional impacts of blockchain on coffee supply chains.