Canine Parvovirus: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Disease Control. PVC: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Control

Canine parvovirus (CPV) remains one of the most relevant viral pathogens affecting domestic dogs worldwide, particularly in young and unvaccinated populations, due to its high environmental resistance and rapid transmission. This study provides an updated and integrative overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of CPV through a systematic qualitative review conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was carried out using major academic databases, including PubMed, SciELO, MDPI, and Google Scholar, considering studies published between 2020 and 2026. A total of 312 articles were initially identified, of which 70 met the inclusion criteria and were selected for detailed analysis. The results confirm the global circulation of multiple variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c), as well as the persistence of the virus in diverse environments and its impact on susceptible populations. Molecular diagnostic techniques, particularly PCR and qPCR, remain the most reliable tools for early detection, although their availability is still uneven across regions. Despite advances in supportive therapy and emerging antiviral approaches, vaccination continues to represent the most effective preventive strategy. Continuous surveillance and improvements in diagnostic and immunization strategies are essential to reduce the impact of CPV infections.